1. Canada’s Economy & Society
From

2. Canada’s Westward Movement
Nat’l government led by John Macdonald (Conservative Party)
Eager to incorporate new western lands into the country
Wanted to treat western Canada as colonies of Canada
sent road surveying crew in 1869 into the region

3. Métis Descendants of Indians and French Trappers
Happily separate from the rest of Canada
Lived in present-day Manitoba along the Red River Valley
Buffalo hunting and farming the river valley
Roman Catholics
Suspicious of government (with good reason)

4. Métis Response: Band of Métis
Led by Louis Riel
stopped crew and ordered them out of the area
Formed National Committee
Notified Ottawa that it would not recognize its control over area
Would not allow lieutenant-governor to enter territory
would use force if necessary

5. The Red River Rebellion
Nov 1869 Riel seized prisoners
Captured Upper Fort Garry
Issued a “Declaration of the People”
Announced provisional Red River Valley government
Used prisoners and Ft. Garry for negotiations with Macdonald

6. Martyr Thomas Scott One prisoner: Thomas Scott was court martialed
Found guilty without being given the right to speak
Scott’s execution led to further anti-Métis and anti-Catholic feelings
Also led to sympathy from French Québecois

7. Manitoba Act of 1870 Created Province of Manitoba
Gave federal representation, provincial assembly, bilingualism, and the right to maintain French and English speaking schools
Remainder of NW became territory of Canada
Resented by Ontario citizens
August 1870, Canadian troops moved into Manitoba
Riel fled to US

8. Immigration & Reform US farmers attracted to region
The 1872 Dominion Lands Act
US farmers could sell land and buy cheap Canadian land
Large number of Eastern European immigrants
Immigration peaked

9. Education Reformers pushed for improved schooling
Schooling would help end societal ills:
Responsible for children of slum and ghetto dwellers
More suitable than factories, or roaming the streets
Learn skills to lift them from poverty
Assimilate immigrant children into Canadian society
Gained compulsory school attendance legislation in all provinces by 1914

10. Prohibition Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
Founded in 1874, 10,000 members by 1900
Helped grow women’s suffrage movement
Goal of prohibition
Believed this would rid Canada of its social problems:
Crime
Domestic violence
Political corruption
Immorality
P.M. Laurier allowed national referendum on prohibition in 1898
WWI ended reform efforts

11. Midland 1880

12. Downtown Midland 1880

13. Midland Downtown Plan 1904

14. Midland Downtown Plan 1904