1. Issues in Implementing Technology
Teaching and Learning
with Technology
Chapter 13
Issues in Implementing Technology
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2. Planning and Implementing Technology
Due to cost/complexity, districts create formal strategic technology plan
Teachers need to be aware of the issues beyond technical ones:
Legal
Social
Ethical

3. Issues in Educational Technology
Legal
Copyright and fair use
Privacy
Acceptable use
Software piracy
Social
Digital divide
Ethical
Freedom of speech
Privacy
Academic dishonesty

4. Legal Issues Copyright and Fair Use
Copyright protects interest of individual who created intellectual property: writings, graphics, photos, music, etc.
Fair use guidelines determine when a teacher can legally use copyrighted material
TEACH Act offers similar guidelines for DE

5. Legal Issues Determining Fair Use Purpose and character of use
Nature of copyrighted work
Amount and sustainability of portion used
Effect of the use on the work’s marketability

6. Legal Issues Using copyrighted materials
Use only in face-to-face teaching
If DE, follow TEACH guidelines
Limit copying to small portions of copyrighted work
Avoid making unnecessary copies
Include copyright notice and attribute work
Limit use to single class, single year

7. Legal Issues Privacy Every child has a right to privacy
Parents must give permission for student information to be shared
Ease of sharing information with technology can lead to abuse
Teachers must protect student privacy

8. Legal Issues Steps to Ensure Privacy
Comply with your school’s policies and procedures
Get parental permission before putting student work and/or pictures on a web site
Protect children’s information: name, age, location, etc.

9. Legal Issues Steps to Ensure Privacy
Avoid storing students’ personal information and files on unprotected computers
Encourage every child to store his/her work on a removable storage device rather than easily accessible hard drives

10. Legal Issues Legislation Protecting Children
COPPA (Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act) addresses privacy issues
CIPA (Children’s Internet Protection Act) went further, established Internet policies to protect children in libraries
ADA (American’s with Disabilities Act) deals with equal access and guidelines to help technology meet all students’ needs

11. Legal Issues Acceptable Use Policy (AUP)
Districts’ acceptable use policies define appropriate uses of school computers
Teachers must ensure appropriate use of technology in their classrooms
Teachers should be aware of and enforce AUPs

12. Legal Issues Acceptable Use Policy (AUP)
Teachers ensure acceptable use:
Review AUPs with your students
Ask students and parents to sign Code of Ethics
Monitor Internet use and use filtering software

13. Legal Issues Software Piracy
Copying or installing software on more than one computer is normally copyright violation and illegal (same with CDs, DVDs)
Site license allows installation on multiple computers subject to license
Network administrators often monitor licensing on network and attached individual computers

14. Social Issues The Digital Divide
Inequities of access have created technological “haves” and “have-nots”
Gap often related to socioeconomic status, ethnic group, gender, and education levels
Teachers can design activities that help bridge the gap and reduce technological inequities

15. Social Issues Cyberbullying Playground bullying has entered cyberspace
Defined as incident: “where the Internet, cell phones, or other devices used to send or post text or images to hurt or embarrass another person”
Widespread problem, estimated 43% of students have been victims

16. Ethical Issues Online social interaction
The Web offers tremendous opportunities for social interaction
Immature children and teens may be at risk
Information, words, and images (e.g., sexting) do not go away and may be seen by unintended viewers
Teachers need to teach and encourage appropriate positive online social interaction

17. Ethical Issues Freedom of Speech Internet content not regulated
Materials posted may be objectionable or inappropriate
Net is an open forum for free speech:
Should expression be regulated?
Does the government have the right to do so?
Although controversy continues, schools must control access to appropriate areas

18. Ethical Issues Privacy
What is the appropriate balance between privacy and monitoring of activity?
When is it OK to monitor where people go and what they do on the Internet?
School’s responsibility is to:
Ensure students’ safety
Publish and enforce AUPs

19. Ethical Issues Academic Dishonesty
Ease of manipulating and sharing information increased dishonest use of work
Cheating and plagiarizing further facilitated by web sites that post and share work
Teachers and schools need clear policies dealing with digital dishonesty

20. Ethical Issues Teachers’ Role in Technology Are key stakeholders
Can implement best technology for students and themselves
Have critical role dealing with legal, ethical, and social issues of implementing technology
Must keep up to date as technology evolves to utilize it and to address issues it creates

21. Ethical Issues Resources for Teachers
Schools’ media and/or technology specialists can help address digital issues
They have wealth of knowledge and skills and usually enthusiastic support to provide to teachers

22. Emerging Technology Wireless Connectivity
Rapid improvement making wireless availability commonplace
WiFi (wireless fidelity) technology provide networking for campus and public wireless networks
Retrofitting schools with cables will cease to be necessary

23. Emerging Technology Wireless Connectivity Bluetooth technology
Personal area networks (PANs) created automatically
Various types of devices can be connected together wirelessly
No more limitations by length of cables

24. Emerging Technology Virtual Environments
Fully rendered 3-D environments in which the user is immersed
As the technology progresses:
Development of full sensory environments will address all learning preferences
Students will be able to take virtual field trips

25. Emerging Technology Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence - programs that work like the human brain
Neural networks, fuzzy logic, and expert systems are examples of AI
These tools exist and, when evolved, will be significant

26. Emerging Technology Wiki Refers to a web site written collaboratively
Vandalism may occur, but the community corrects problems quickly
Schools can create wiki sites for brainstorming, collaboration, debate, projects, and/or sharing resources

27. Emerging Technology Grid Computing
Multiple computers join together to share resources and computing power
The fastest dedicated computer in the world is a 900,000 computer grid
Peer-to-peer networking is another example of grid computing

28. Emerging Technology Displays
Flexible organic light-emitting devices (FOLEDs) can be any size and even rolled.
Electronic paper - film with beads of ink that electrical current makes turn over to form letters, graphics, pictures.
Erasable and rewritable
Size and weight of a transparency

29. Emerging Technology Wearable Computers
Computers built into clothing or worn like a pin or around the neck
Devices could offer information about environment, reminders, and data on demand
Current examples are heads-up-displays and small computers for special needs students

30. Emerging Technology Convergence
Blending technologies into a single multipurpose technology
In schools, convergence will mean:
Better use of limited resources, since less equipment will need to be acquired
Less time and resources spent in training on diverse equipment
Easier integration of equipment into the classroom

31. Emerging Technology Computers as Appliances
Digital technology becoming common as a household appliances, schools must keep up with societal change
Pocket or tablet PCs will allow instant access from anywhere
Instruction will need to accommodate more opportunities and greater access

32. Emerging Issues Computer Literacy
Effectively using computer will become as essential a skill as reading
Computer literacy will be an entry-level skill and will not have to be taught
Computer-enhanced instruction will be easier to integrate into lessons

33. Emerging Issues Decentralized Instruction
Instruction may change as technology broadens the ways it can be delivered
Classroom walls will give way to virtual communities of learners
Master teachers from around the world may come together to team teach
Schools will no longer be isolated

34. Emerging Issues Changing Role of the Teacher
Technology will not replace teachers, teachers must design instruction using technology
Digital-age curriculum may look very different from contemporary curriculum
Global collaboration and ever-expanding resources will benefit students