1. The need to manipulate natural variability in pH in ocean acidification experiments

2. Anthony et al. 2008

3. Variations in pH

4. pH variations at the surface of coralline algae

5. pH variations at the surface of coralline algae

6. Variations in pH

7. Variations in pH

8. How will fluctuating pH interact with the effects of Ocean Acidification?

9. Effects of OA on coastal macroalgae

10. pH within experiment set-up

11. Methods

13. Results: Macroalgal growth

14. Results: Recruitment

15. Results: Photosynthesis

16. Results: δ13C

17. Macroalgal health under fluctuating pH

18. Coralline algal responses to pH

19. Variability in pH is important

20. Future research

21. Acknowledgements