1. 8th Annual Great Corporate Debate
Corporate Team
Training Session # 2
June 3 / June 5
Stephen Buchanan
Education Consulting

2. Outline of Session # 2 Persuasion Presentations
Great Corporate Debate Review
Contest, Rules, Judges Criteria, etc.
Quick Review of previous session
Debate Format and Strategies
Debate Format and Process
Teamwork
Judging Criteria
Basic Strategies
Affirmative - Negative
Constructive - Rebuttal
Detailed Format, Timeline of Responsibilities
Homework – Selection of teams/topics for Session 3 debates
Topic A - Topic B

3. Training Sessions Schedule
May 27
May 29
June 3
June 5
June 10
June 12

4. Persuasion Presentations 8 - 10 Individuals 2 – 3 minutes each

5. REVIEW Contest, Rules, Judges Criteria, etc
See AMCHAM Participant Manual
and Training Materials

6. REVIEW Argument, Reasoning Argument Reasoning Definition
Facts/premise + (assumption)  Conclusion
Reasoning
Reasoning is the process of drawing conclusions from facts or premises

7. REVIEW
What is debate?
Debate is the process of presenting arguments for or against a proposition
Propositions of fact, value and policy
We will argue propositions of policy in our debates
Policy propositions will propose a course of action for the future
The purpose of debate is to Persuade

8. Debating Propositions of Policy
REVIEW
Debating Propositions of Policy
GOAL: Understanding the elements of a proposition allow debater
to better attack, argue, support
& defend it.

9. Debating Propositions of Policy
REVIEW
Debating Propositions of Policy
Propositions
How to analyze and address the proposition:
What is the problem and how serious is it?
What are the various solutions, with the advantages and disadvantages of each?
What is the best solution?

10. Debating Propositions of Policy
REVIEW
Debating Propositions of Policy
Main Issues in Propositions of Policy:
Are evils caused by the present system?
Are these evils great enough to demand a change?
Are the evils inherent and impossible to repair in the present system?
Will the proposed solution remove the evils?
Is the proposed solution free from objections?
Is the proposed solution the best?

11. Research, Preparation and Development of Evidence
Sources of Material
Yourself
Opinions and Knowledge of Others
Discussion
Personal Interviews
Letters and
Observation
Experiments and Research
Libraries
Internet Research

12. Research, Preparation and Development of Evidence
Types of Evidence
Factual
Statistical
Opinions of Authorities
Testimony of Witnesses
Documents, legal papers

13. Research, Preparation and Development of Evidence
Recording Data
Computer (not permitted in the actual debate)
Paper
Index cards

14. Policy Debate Format and Process

15. Debate Elements and Format
Format – Constructive and Rebuttal (Affirmative and Negative)
Affirmative: for the motion, problem in the status quo, solution or proposal to solve that problem: burden of proof, prove the case.
Negative: against the motion, just denies, say no (and why), rebuttals. Could present a case.
Team Order of Presentations
Responsibilities of Presenters
Flowing or Flow Sheeting

16. TIMELINE FOR A POLICY DEBATE
CONSTRUCTIVE
First Affirmative Constructive 1AC – 3 min
First Negative Constructive 1NC – 3 min
Second Affirmative Constructive 2AC – 6 min
Second Negative Constructive 2NC – 6 min
REBUTTAL
First Negative Rebuttal 1NR – 6 min
First Affirmative Rebuttal 1AR – 6 min
Second Negative Rebuttal 2NR – 3 min
Second Affirmative Rebuttal 2AR – 3 min

17. Debate Format 1st part: constructive speeches
Debate Elements and Format
Debate Format
1st part: constructive speeches
1st Affirmative
3 minutes
Introduction
1st Negative
2nd Affirmative
6 minutes
Constructive
2nd Negative
Case: thesis, definition of terms, arguments
Framework
Decision criterions
Clash
Topicality
Rebuttal 1A
(Counterplan)
Close case
Prepare opposition block
Rebuttal 1N
Rebuttal 1A and 2A
Defensive arguments
(Close case)
Ethos, Pathos, Logos
Logos

18. Debate Format 2nd part: rebuttal speeches
Debate Elements and Format
Debate Format
2nd part: rebuttal speeches
3rd Negative
6 minutes
Rebuttal
3rd Affirmative
4th Negative
3 minutes
Conclusion
4th Affirmative
No new arguments
Defensive arguments
Refute all
Summary
Synthesis
Logos
Logos, Pathos

19. Debate Elements and Format
Flowing / Flow Sheeting
Taking notes properly ("flow sheeting“ or "flowing“ is the debate term) is an essential entry level skill In order to answer arguments by your opponents, you must be able to write them down so that you can remember them and respond to them in order. Likewise, your flow sheet becomes the text which you use when you speak. . . it becomes the notes from which you speak More than any other skill besides speaking itself, flow sheeting is important to your debate experience....and important to winning.

20. Debate Teamwork Team vs. Individuals Each participant has a role
Everyone participates
and contributes
Everyone flows

21. Judging Criteria
Knowing the criteria by which you are judged will be the first strategy to effective and successful debating

22. Judging Criteria
Criteria from GCD Committee
See Handouts
Challenges

23. Judges’ Evaluations Criteria for winning Formula for winning
Strategy for winning
BE PREPARED
BE PERSUASIVE

24. Judges’ Evaluations Evaluation Format Style
Each speaker will be graded (1- 7) in the following criteria. The scores will be added up by each judge to determine his/her vote for winning team:
Content:
Argumentation
Evidence/Information
Strategy
Speaker’s role
Team strategy
Style
Oral expression
Body Language
English is not graded

25. Evaluation Format / Criteria
Content Argumentation Information/Evidence
Strategy Individual Role
Team participation
Style Body language
Oral expression
Three Judges evaluate for Content, Strategy and Style in Round Robins and Semi-Finals Debates. Only Chief judge penalizes.

26. Question / Answer Process
Challenges
Question / Answer Process
Process
Only Speakers 2 and 3
One to two “challenges “ to each speaker
Penalization
Failure to challenge
Failure to respond
Poor questions / answers

27. The Affirmative and Negative Cases
Debating Strategy
The Affirmative and Negative Cases

28. Debate Format Affirmative Case First Affirmative Constructive
Second Affirmative Constructive
First Affirmative Rebuttal
Second Affirmative Rebuttal

29. Debate Format Negative Case – Attacking the Affirmative Case
First Negative Constructive
Second Negative Constructive
First Negative Rebuttal
Second Negative Rebuttal

30. Debate Strategies – The Affirmative Case
The problem
Status Quo is “evil”
Attention (solution) is needed, must be relevant & important. Nothing has been done; nothing has solved the problem.
The solution / plan
Inherency: causal relationship with the problem
Solvency: solves the problem

31. Debate Strategies – The Affirmative Cases
The Stock Issue Case
Status Quo needs change
Plan will provide change
Proposed plan is better than Status Quo
and provides Advantages
Chain of Reasoning Case
Topical Case
Disjunctive Case
Residue Case
See the TM outline of Affirmative Case

32. Debate Strategies – The Negative Case
Attacking the affirmative case :
Basic Attack
Disadvantages
Counterplan
Critiques (K)
Topicality

33. The Negative Case Basic Attack: Deny the problem
Attack Significance: no attention (solution) is needed; it’s been attended, solution is on the way.
Attack the solution/ plan
Attack Inherency: deny causal relation between the problem and the plan.
Attack Solvency: deny that the plan solves the problem.
Beware of contradictions if you deny the problem.

34. The Negative Case Disadvantages Attack: Affirmative choices:
Disadvantage is that if we adopted the policy of the other team (plan), something worse would result.
Link: causal relation with the plan.
Internal links: causal relation within the disadvantage. Beware of the “slippery slope”
Impact: something bad /worse WILL happen.
Uniqueness: only the affirmative plan will cause this.
Affirmative choices:
Deny link with the plan.
Prove slippery slope fallacy.
Turn impact: is not bad, actually is good.
Deny uniqueness: whatever we do, that will happen.

35. The Negative Case Counterplan:
Counterplan is alternative plan to solve the problem
Inherency and solvency
Competes with the affirmative; net benefits; better to adopt this solution rather than both
Mutually exclusive
Affirmative responses:
Our own is better, adopt only one
Permutation test = not competitive
Solvency
Disadvantages

36. The Negative Case Critiques (“K”):
Critiques are a way to attack the critical assumptions an affirmative makes or the language debaters use to make their arguments.
What is an assumption? Is a part of an argument which people think is true, but they never explicitly prove to be true and serves as the major premise of the argument or the case.
How does a negative attack the assumptions? First, the negative must identify the assumption and how it is revealed. Second, the negative must explain how the assumption links to the critique. And, third, the negative must explain the implications of the critique.

37. The Negative Case Topicality :
Topicality deals with arguments about what words mean; arguing about definitions regarding the motion or resolution: “be home at a reasonable hour”.
Affirmative definition of terms must be topical; both the problem and the plan must be within the motion: LIMIT what the affirmative may talk about so the negative can have a reasonable chance to argue against the case
Negative tasks: Define terms and give reasons to prefer negative definitions

38. Detailed Format and Timeline of Responsibilities – Some additional Tips

39. 1AC - FIRST AFFIRMATIVE CONSTRUCTIVE
Have your speech written out and well organized. Time it in advance so that you know how long it takes you to read it. Practice it so that you sound good and know how to correctly say all of the words in it.
Make sure you have covered all the requirements -- read the topic, significance, inherency, plan, solvency. Make sure each of the major issues has evidence which proves it.

40. 1NC - FIRST NEGATIVE CONSTRUCTIVE
Respond to the affirmative.
Your disadvantages need links and impacts;
your topicality arguments need definitions, violations, and voting issue; and
your counterplan needs a counterplan text, topicality, competitiveness, advantage, and solvency.

41. 2AC - SECOND AFFIRMATIVE CONSTRUCTIVE
ANSWER EVERY NEGATIVE ISSUE:
You cannot win the debate if you fail to answer an off-case argument like topicality, a disadvantage, a counterplan, or a critique. Have some good answers for each one.
Explaining their arguments is their duty, not yours. Your duty is to answer them. Don't waste time telling the judge what their arguments are about.

42. 2NC - SECOND NEGATIVE CONSTRUCTIVE
2NC and 1NR occur back to back, so you need to divide up the issues in the debate. The 2NC should take some issues and the 1NR should take others.
You need to deal with each and every one of the answers the 2AC makes to your arguments.
Have your best evidence on the issues you will be "going for“ out and ready to use before you speak.

43. 1NR - FIRST NEGATIVE REBUTTAL
2NC and 1NR occur back to back, so you need to divide up the issues in the debate.
The 2NC should take some issues and the 1NR should take others, BUT THEY SHOULD NEVER COVER THE SAME GROUND.

44. 1AR - FIRST AFFIRMATIVE REBUTTAL
The purpose of the 1AR is simple: don't lose the debate.
The strategy is equally simple: don't drop anything. Cover every important argument.
You cannot answer each sub-point on an argument, but you should answer any argument which could potentially win the debate for the negative.

45. 2NR - SECOND NEGATIVE REBUTTAL
Now is the time to “put all of your eggs in one basket.”
The negative search for truth ends in the 2NR. Winning requires the 2NR to choose the issues and approach to create a persuasive bottom line negative position. The 2NR cannot pursue everything in the debate because the judge must be told which arguments to consider.
There are two ways to win in the 2NR:
"Win the Drop" or
"Win the Position."

46. 2AR - SECOND AFFIRMATIVE REBUTTAL
The general strategy of the 2AR is to re-establish case advantage(s) and to minimize or take out the impacts of the negative arguments.
In order to minimize the impact of the negative arguments, go to the best issue in the middle of your speech. This trick tends to de-emphasize the arguments that the 2NR claimed were critical in the debate.
In order to re-establish your case advantage, begin your speech with your own agenda or overview that puts forth the most compelling reason to vote affirmative.
Have a good conclusion.

47. Practice Debates
Topics assigned. Which topics/side did you receive? Setting up the teams: What are your respective roles? Do Research and Develop Arguments Let’s debate (and evaluate) next week A vs. B, C vs. D

48. Practice Debates Each team will have four debaters
We will follow same time limits
as in official debates
Everyone flows
All others not debating
will be judges
BE PREPARED
BE PERSUASIVE

49. Education Consulting Asesoría Educacional en Chile www.educonsul.cl
Av. Apoquindo Piso 5 – Las Condes - Santiago – Chile
(56-2) (56-2) fax