1. Northern Renaissance
Chapter 1 Section2

2. Setting the Stage
Renaissance people spread to northern Europe especially England, France, Germany, and Flanders.

3. The Northern Renaissance Begins
When the Hundred Year war ended in 1453, the cities grew bigger
The merchants became wealthy enough to sponsor artists
Started in Flanders and spread to the rest of Northern Europe
England and France were unified under stronger monarchs who sponsored artists.
As Renaissance ideas spread out of Italy, they mingled with other traditions
The Northern Renaissance develop its own character the artists were especially interested in realism

4. Artistic ideas spread
1494 French king claimed throne of Naples in southern Italy.
The king launched invasion through northern Italy.
many Italian artist and writers for a safer life went to northern Europe.
Took style and techniques of the Italian renaissance with them.
Northern European renaissance artists who studied in Italy carried renaissance ideas back to their home land.

5. German Painters Albrecht Durer studied in Italy in 1494.
After returning home he produced woodcuts and engravings.
Most of his prints portrayed religious subjects.
Others of his portrayed classical myths or realistic landscapes.
His work helped spread renaissance styles.

6. Flemish painters
Durer’s emphasis upon realism influenced the work of another German artist, Hans Holbein.
Holbein specialized in painting portraits of king Henry the eighth and other members of the english royal family.
Artist Jan Van Eyck developed oil-based paints to develop techniques still used today.
Van Eyck’s paintings displayed unusually realistics details and reveal the personality of their subjects.
Flemish paintings reached its peak after 1550, with the work of Peter Bruegel.
He captured scenes of everyday life - weddings dances and harvests.

7. Northern Writers Try to Reform Society
Italian humanists were interested in reviving classical languages and classical texts
They wanted to bring back the teachings of the church and inspire people to live a Christian life, creating the movement known as Christian Humanism
The focus of Christian Humanism was to reform society, introducing the education of women
Desiderius Erasmus
Originally from Holland
In 1509 he wrote The Prince of Folly, a book that “poked fun” at everyday people
Erasmus believed in Christianity of the heart, not by the rules
Believed everyone should take time and study the Bible

8. Northern Writers Try to Reform Society
Thomas More
wrote the book, Utopia
About an imaginary world where problems were gone, and there was little use for money
More wrote in Latin, and the book was so popular it was later translated into a variety of other languages
Christine de Pizan
A highly educated woman and writer
Wrote in French, wrote several books, and stood up for women and their rights
Wanted both genders to have equal education

9. The Elizabethan Age
it got its name from the period Queen Elizabeth I reigned
Queen Elizabeth
Well educated
Spoke French, Italian, Latin, and Greek
Wrote poetry and music
Supported development of English art and literature
William Shakespeare
Most famous writer of the time period

10. Elizabethan Age cont. William Shakespeare cont.
Was regarded as greatest playwright of all time
Born 1564 in Stratford-Upon-Avon
Wrote poems and plays
Drew on classics for influence
masterful command of the english language
Deep understanding of human being
His plays examined human flaws

11. Elizabethan Age cont. William Shakespeare cont. Famous plays Comidies
Macbeth
Hamlet
Romeo and Juliet
King lear
Comidies
A Midsummer Night's Dream
The Taming of The Shrew

12. The Printing Press Chinese invent block printing
A printer carved a word on a block of wood
Block of wood was then dipped in ink and and transferred onto paper
Bi Sheng invented a movable print
Had separate pieces for each letter
Since the chinese language has so many letters it didn’t make anything easier
On the other hand it was great for the europeans
Johann Gutenberg was a craftsman from Muniz, Germany he invented a printing press that had multiple technologies
Made printing books very easy and cheap so they could now mass produce books so he made the first mass produced book called the Gutenberg Bible

13. The Legacy of the Renaissance
Great artistic and social changes
Break with medieval period thinking
Focused on the individual
Rise of democratic ideas
Printable press invented

14. Changes in the Arts
Used classical Roman and Greek styles as inspiration
Paintings and sculptures were more realistic
Art was more secular than religious
Writers wrote in their common languages (vernacular)
Focused on individual achievements

15. Changes in Society
Printing things made learning materials more readily available
Desire to learn increased among common people
Published accounts created further discoveries in a variety of areas
Laws became more clear to people
Christian humanists reformed society
People questioned the political structures of the time