1. TYPES OF VIOLENT CRIMES

2. Homicide ______________________________ is called homicide
If the crime is deserving of blame (not an accident or self-defence) then the crime is __________, otherwise it’s __________

3. Homicide
First-degree murder has many aspects, but most commonly the crime must include one of the following:
____________________________
Homicide that doesn’t include these aspects, but is still deliberate is ____________________

4. Homicide
Manslaughter ____________________________________________________________________
i.e. killing someone with a car, in a fight, when intoxicated or when provoked may be used as defences
________________in the CC is the killing of a newborn by its mother immediately after birth

5. Assault
There are three levels of assault in the CC, and all must include intent
1. Assault is the first level and is present in any of the following conditions:
________________________________
_______________________to apply force
Approaching or blocking a person while carrying a weapon

6. Assault Cont…
2. _________________________occurs when bodily harm results or when a weapon is used or threatened to be used
3. _______________________occurs when a person wounds, maims, disfigures or endangers the life of a victim
Each level of assault carries progressively higher penalties

7. Sexual Assault
For sexual assault ____________________________________________________________________________________
The actus reus of the crime is sexual touching where the victim does not consent
The first level of sexual assault mimics the first level of assault, but must include sexual conduct
The second level must involve a weapon, threats to commit bodily harm to a person other than the victim, causing bodily harm or committing the offense with another person

8. Aggravated Sexual Assault
Aggravated sexual assault is the third level and occurs when _________________________________ _____________________________________
Usually there are no witnesses in a sexual assault trial, so the issue of consent is often raised
Age of consent is 16
Consent can’t be used as a defence if the victim is under 14 unless the accused is less than three years older
Intoxication may be used as a defence in some cases

9. Robbery
Robbery ________________________________ ______________________________________
It must be proven that the victim felt threatened for theft to become robbery
This can include threatening comments or using your hands/fists to make threatening gestures
Robbery is more than just a property crime, so it has a harsher sentence (up to life)
If a person is killed during a robbery the charge of _________________________________

10. Kidnapping and Abduction
It also includes confining a person for the purpose of soliciting a ransom or service
Abduction _______________________________ ______________________________________
This could be a parent, foster parent or child welfare agency
This is becoming more of a problem as the divorce rate rises

11. Terrorism
The events of 11 September, 2001 led to a number of changes in the Criminal Code
The government may now publish names and freeze the assets of suspected terrorist groups
Security Certificates can be issued against suspected terrorists with far less evidence than usual
The terrorist action can take place in Canada or abroad against a Canadian citizen or government facility
Terrorism _______________________________ ______________________________________