1. The Periodic Table

2. The Organization of the Periodic Table
The Periodic Table of Elements is organized by Atomic number
(the number of PROTONS in an element)
Dmitri Mendeleev ( ) created the periodic table of elements
The Periodic Table of Elements is a visual presentation of the elements in groups according to their physical and chemical properties.

3. The Periodic Table of Elements- Columns
The table has been organized by the number of VALENCE electrons ( Electrons in the outer most energy level)
The table has also been organized into columns or FAMILIES ( up and down)
Each FAMILY contains elements with the same number of VALENCE electrons
The amount of VALENCE electrons determines their chemical properties... How they are going to react

4. Groups and Families of the Periodic Table
How many VALENCE electrons does Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na) and Potassium (K) have?
They belong to the same group/family because they all have one valence electron

5. Family Names Certain groups/families have specific names We have the
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
Halogens
Noble Gases

6. The Alkali Metals All elements in the first column EXCEPT hydrogen
(Li, Na,K, Rb, Cs,Fr)
Characteristics of ALKALI metals
These elements all have 1 VALENCE electron
These elements are all shiny and soft metals
These elements will react with water EXPLOSIVELY!!
Because of their high reactivity these elements are not found in their elemental state but instead exist as COMPOUNDS

7. The Alkaline Earth Metals
All elements in the second column
(Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra)
Characteristics of Alkaline Earth Metals
These elements all have 2 valence electrons
These elements are highly malleable and reactive and they burn easily in the presence of heat
Because of their high reactivity these elements are not found in their elemental state but instead exist as COMPOUNDS
They form many compounds found in rocks and earth…

8. The Halogens All Elements in the second to last column (Group 7)
Characteristics of Halogens
These elements have 7 VALENCE electrons
These elements are all non-metals
The word HALOGEN means “salt-former”
All compounds that contain Halogen elements are called SALTS ex: NaCl
Halogens also kill germs when they are dissolved in water

9. The Noble Gases All elements in the last column ( Group 8)
Characteristics of Noble Gases
These elements are special because their outer energy shell is completely full
These elements will not easily combine with other elements to form compounds
When electricity is passed through these gases, light is released and these gases are often used in lights.
Argon comes from the Greek argos, meaning “lazy” or “inactive”

10. The Periodic Table of Elements
All of the elements can be classified into three categories
Metals
Non- Metals
Metalloids
The staircase shaped line that crosses the right side of the table helps to locate and identify these categories

11. Metals Good conductors of electricity and heat
Often ductile and malleable which means they are easily made into wires or flattened into sheets... THINK ALUMINUM FOIL...
Usually shiny
All METALS are solid at room temperature except MERCURY which is liquid
Many Metals react with Acids
Found to the LEFT of the STAIRCASE on the Periodic Table

12. Non- Metals Poor conductors of electricity and heat
Many non-metals are gases at room temperature
The solid non-metals can easily be made into powders
Found to the RIGHT of the STAIRCASE
Except for HYDROGEN

13. Metalloids
Seven elements with properties of both METALS and NON-METALS
Ex: Some METALLOIDS are good conductors of electricity and some are poor conductors depending on conditions
METALLOIDS are found on both sides of the staircase

14. Activity On your Periodic Table
Label and define the parts of the periodic table
Square
Atomic Number
Group
Staircase
Color in the metals, non-metals and metalloids each in a different color