1. 5.4 Cellular Respiration Overview
Unit 5: Cell Energy
5.4 Cellular Respiration Overview

2. Cell Energy Energy is essential to life
Plants trap energy from the sun
Other organisms must eat to get energy

3. Things that require energy…
Active transport
Cell division
Production, transport, and storage of proteins
Other examples?

4. C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H20 + Energy (ATP)
Cellular Respiration
The process that releases energy from food (glucose) in the presence of oxygen.
Overall equation for Cellular Respiration (CR):
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H20 + Energy (ATP)
The same products as a “combustion reaction”
The cell must slowly release energy/heat in a controlled series of reactions, or most energy would be lost in the forms of heat and light

5. ATP: The Energy Currency of the Cell
Adenosine Triphosphate
Energy used by all cells
Organic molecule containing high energy phosphate bonds

6. How do we get energy from ATP?
Cells get energy by breaking the high energy bonds to remove a phosphate.
The enzyme ATPase speeds up the reaction”
The products of the reaction are chemical energy and ADP, Adenosine Diphosphate
Phosphates act like magnets. When phosphates break away, energy is released

7. How is ATP Re-made?
The reverse reactions occurs and another phosphate is added.
Phosphorylated: a phosphate is added to ADP to make ATP
The enzyme ATP Synthase speeds up the reaction
ATP is made during the process of cellular respiration

8. ATP-ase
ATP Synthetase

9. Where is ATP made in the cell?
ATP is made in the cytoplasm and the mitochondria

10. Structure of the Mitochondria
Outer membrane: Smooth, covers the organelle and contains it like a skin
Inner membrane: Highly folded membrane within the mitochondria
Intermembrane space: The space between the inner and outer membrane
Cristae: Folds of the inner membrane
Matrix: Fluid within the inner membrane

11. Inner Membrane
Outer Membrane
Intermembrane
Space
Cristae
Matrix

12. 3 Stages of Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
Electron Transport Chain

13. Some stages are… Aerobic: Requires oxygen
Anaerobic: Does NOT require oxygen

14. Electron Carriers
A compound that can accept a pair of high-energy electrons and transfer them, along with most of their energy, to another molecule.
Also know as intermediate energy carriers
Electrons they hold are used to generate ATP
Electron carrier molecules include:
NADP+  NADPH
NAD+  NADH
FAD  FADH2