1. Heterotrophic nutrition
The taking in of materials an preparing for their use. It is the process by which organisms obtain food needed for growth, repair, energy and regulation.
This includes digestion, absorption, utilization by cell respiration and egestion.

2. Nutrition’s 3 processes
Ingestion: The taking in of food Digestion: the breaking down of large molcules that are insoluble (to large to pass through the C.M.) into small soluble molecules 1. Extracellular digestion- occurs outside the cells of the organism (specialized digestive system). 2. Intracellular digestion – digestion that takes place in a food vacuole (utilizes lysosomes) In both cases, the end products of digestion (small and soluble) will pass into the cells by diffusion through the membrane.

3. Digestion 2 changes occur
Physical – results from the physical breakdown (chewing) of food.
***results in an increase in surface area S.A.
Chemical – foods are broken down using chemicals (Enzymes) and results in end products that are small and soluble!

4. Changing of the molecule size
Large Molecules
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Heterotrophic
Simple sugars (Monosaccharides)
Fatty acids and glycerol
Amino Acids
Enzymatic Hydrolysis:
1. Hydrolysis – the chemical breakdown of molecules
2. using enzymes
****Also known as DIGESTION!!!!
Egestion – the removal of the undigested materials (cell walls of plants)

5. Adaptations for Heterotrophic nutrition
1. FUNGI
Fungi live on or in their food supply (a living organism of the decaying remains of an organism)
Adaptations for absorbing nutients
They have a body of filaments called rhizoids that secrete digestive enzymes (extracellular digestion)
Then they absorb the nutrients

6. FUNGI (Mushrooms, yeast)

7. Adaptations for Heterotrophic nutrition
2. Amoeba
Ingestion: uses extensions of their cytoplasm (Pseudopods – false foot) to engulf their food by a process known as PHAGOCYTOSIS
Digestion: digestion and absorption take place in the food vacuole when in contact with the lysosome (Intracellular)
The food vacuole moves throughout the cytoplasm by a process called CYCLOSIS- Cytoplasmic streaming)
Egestion: through the cell membrane

8. Adaptations for Heterotrophic nutrition
3. Paramecium
Ingestion: uses the motion of the cilia to ingest the food through a fixed opening (Oral Groove)
Digestion: a food vacuole forms at the base of the oral groove
F.V. moves throughout the organism by Cyclosis and comes in contact with a Lysosome (Intracellular)
Egestion – through an opening called the anal pore

9. Adaptations for Heterotrophic nutrition
3. Paramecium

10. Adaptations for Heterotrophic nutrition
4. Hydra
Ingestion: uses tentacles and stinger cells to ingest their food through the mouth
Digestion:
Extracellular: specialized digestive cells in he lining of the upper gastrovascualr cavity secrete digestive enzymes- reults in an increase of S.A.
Intracellular – takes place deep in the GV cavity by the use of cells with pseudopods
Egestion – through the mouthan opening called the anal pore

11. Adaptations for Heterotrophic nutrition
4. Hydra

12. Adaptations for Heterotrophic nutrition
5. Earthworm
Ingestion: uses its mouth and Pharynx to suck in food
Digestion:
Crop – storage of food
Gizzard - muscular pouch that grinds the food (Mechanical digestion – to increase Surface Area S.A.)
Intestines –Extracellular digestion of the food using specialized digestive cells that secrete digestive enzymes- results in an increase of S.A.
Typhlosole – structure in the intestines that increases Surface area for max absorption of nutrients
Egestion : Anus – egestion of undigested materials (feces)

13. Adaptations for Heterotrophic nutrition
5. Earthworm

14. Adaptations for Heterotrophic nutrition
5. Earthworm Typhlosole

15. Adaptations for Heterotrophic nutrition
6. Grasshopper
Ingestion: uses its mouth and specialized mouth parts to cut food
Salivary glands secrete digestive enzymes (Chemical digestion)
Digestion:
Crop – storage of food
Gizzard - muscular pouch that grinds the food (Mechanical digestion – to increase Surface Area S.A.)
Stomach–Extracellular Chemical digestion of the food using digestive enzymes from the Gastric Ceaca
Gastric Ceaca – Specialized gland located between the gizzard and stomach
Intestines – completes chemical digestion and absorption
Egestion : Anus – egestion of undigested materials (feces)

16. Adaptations for Heterotrophic nutrition
6. Grasshopper