1. Intro to World Religions

2. Faith Belief that is not based on proof
Religions cannot be proven or disproven, they require faith. Since we cannot prove that any religion is right or wrong, we should be respectful of all people’s religions.

3. The 5 (6) Major Religions of the World
Islam
Hinduism
Christianity
Buddhism
Judaism
(And atheism/secularism)
Which religion do you think has the most people?

4. 2.1 billion Christians
1.5 billion Muslims
1.1 billion atheist/agnostic
900 million Hindus
300 million Buddhists
12 million Jews

5. Universal Religions—Religions that attempt to be global
Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism
Ethnic Religion—Appeals mainly to one group of people living in one place
All other religions

6. Monotheistic Religions: Religions with one God
Polytheistic: Religions with more than one God

7. Christianity
3 main branches: Roman Catholic, Protestant, and Eastern Orthodox
Branch—Large division of a religion

8. Christian beliefs
Main belief: Jesus Christ was the son of God, and he died on the cross for all mankind’s sins. Three days later, he was resurrected and went to Heaven.

9. All Christians Age: 2016 years old Hearth: Jerusalem Holy book—Bible
Bible—Made of two parts: Old Testament and New Testament
Old Testament: Everything before Jesus (Moses, Abraham, etc.)
New Testament: Jesus’ teachings and life

10. Catholicism Follow religious hierarchy
Hierarchical
Pope: At the top of the hierarchy
Connection to God is mainly done through the Catholic Church, like through priests

13. Protestantism
Protestants: Broke away from the Catholic Church in the 1600’s (Martin Luther)
Do not follow hierarchy—People can have a direct connection with God
Do not follow Pope

14. Judaism Only 12 million people worldwide
Oldest monotheistic religion in the world: 4,000 years old

15. Main leader/prophet: Abraham, who started the religion
Also important: Moses—Received the 10 Commandments
God’s Name: Yahweh

16. Judaism Cultural Hearth: Jerusalem Holy Book: Torah
Building of worship: synagogue
Basically, Jews believe everything in the Old Testament of the Bible (the Torah), but do not believe Jesus is the son of God
Believe in heaven and hell, think people should follow the 10 Commandments

17. 10 Commandments

18. Review! Which religion is older, Christianity or Judaism?
Which people are recognized in both Christianity and Judaism?
What does monotheistic mean?
Which of these religions is ethnic? Universal?
Are Christianity and Judaism monotheistic or polytheistic?
What is the difference between Christianity and Judaism?
What is the cultural hearth for both of these religions?

19. Fill my board! Let’s see what we know about Islam and Muslims.

20. Islam Universal religion Monotheistic Holy Book- Koran (Qur’an)
Religious building--mosque
Recognize Abraham, Moses, and Jesus as prophets
Also believe in afterlife, heaven and hell

21. Founder—Mohammed—Prophet, not son of God
Age of religion—1300 years
Cultural Hearth: Mecca and Medina (Saudi Arabia)

22. Mecca—Holy city for Muslims—Where Mohammed first set up Islam

23. 5 Pillars of Islam Declaration of Faith Praying 5 times a day
Zakat—Giving to charity
Fasting—Going without eating
Hajj (Pilgrimmage)—Go to Mecca in your life if possible

24. Sunni vs. Shi’ite Sunni—83% of Muslims Shiites—17% of Muslims
Believed leaders of Islam should be chosen or elected
Shiites—17% of Muslims
Believe leader of Islam should be a descendent of Mohammed
Huge amount of conflict between these two branches

25. Sunni Shiite Distribution

26. Sharia Law Strict Islamic law, not used/supported by all Muslims
Very specific—Governs everything from how to marry to how to eat to how to pray to punishment for different crimes
Can be very unequal for women
Ex. burqa

27. Examples of sharia law
Theft is punishable by amputation of the right hand (above). • Criticizing or denying any part of the Quran is punishable by death. • Criticizing Muhammad or denying that he is a prophet is punishable by death. • Criticizing or denying Allah, the god of Islam is punishable by death. • A Muslim who becomes a non-Muslim is punishable by death. • A non-Muslim who leads a Muslim away from Islam is punishable by death. • A non-Muslim man who marries a Muslim woman is punishable by death. • A man can marry an infant girl and consummate the marriage when she is 9 years old. • Girls' clitoris should be cut (Muhammad's words, Book 41, Kitab Al-Adab, Hadith 5251). • A woman can have 1 husband, who can have up to 4 wives; Muhammad can have more. • A man can beat his wife for insubordination. • A man can unilaterally divorce his wife; a woman needs her husband's consent to divorce. • A divorced wife loses custody of all children over 6 years of age or when they exceed it. • Testimonies of four male witnesses are required to prove rape against a woman. • A woman who has been raped cannot testify in court against her rapist(s). • A woman's testimony in court, allowed in property cases, carries ½ the weight of a man's. • A female heir inherits half of what a male heir inherits. • A woman cannot drive a car, as it leads to fitnah (upheaval). • A woman cannot speak alone to a man who is not her husband or relative. • Meat to eat must come from animals that have been sacrificed to Allah - i.e., be "Halal".

28. Jihad- Means war
For most Muslims, means an inner struggle between good and bad
For some, it means a holy war against infidels (unbelievers)

30. Review! What are the 5 Pillars of Islam? Who is the founder of Islam?
Rank the religions of Christianity, Judaism, and Islam from oldest to youngest.
What is the difference between Sunni and Shia Muslims?
What is the hearth of Islam?
Do you think Muslims should be allowed to practice aspects of sharia law in the United States if they choose to?

31. Thanksgiving Homework
You have homework over Thanksgiving only if you are failing at the end of the day tomorrow.
If you’re passing, enjoy your break!
Homework:
Find a news article that relates to each of the following units
Physical geography
Demographic geography
Migration geography
Cultural geography
For each one, write a summary of the article using 3 different vocabulary terms from that unit.

32. Video!
30 Days as a Muslim