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Principles of Ecology TSW identify the levels of classification within ecology and differentiate between food chains and food webs.

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Presentation on theme: "Principles of Ecology TSW identify the levels of classification within ecology and differentiate between food chains and food webs."— Presentation transcript:

1 Principles of Ecology TSW identify the levels of classification within ecology and differentiate between food chains and food webs

2 What is ecology? The study of the interactions of organisms with one another and with their physical surroundings

3 Levels of Organization (Broadest to most specific)
Biosphere Biome Ecosystem Community Population Individual

4 6. Biosphere Contains the part of the earth in which ALL life exists (including land, air, water, and atmosphere)

5 5. Biome A group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities Can you think of any biomes?

6 4. Ecosystem A collection of all of the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving, or physical environment

7 3. Community All the populations of organisms living in a defined area
Can be one inch of soil or and entire forest

8 2. Population A group of individuals that belong to the SAME SPECIES and live in the same area

9 1. Individual One organism of a particular species

10 What keeps populations from growing without end?
Limiting interactions Density-dependent Density-independent

11 Density-dependent Factor
Factor that depends directly on the size of a population Examples: Disease (esp. parasitism) Predation Competition for space and resources Crowding and stress

12 Density- independent Factor
Limiting factor that affects all populations in a similar way, regardless of population size Examples: Temperature and climate changes Natural disasters Chemical pollutants

13 Simple Interactions Food chain: a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating or being eaten

14 Trophic Levels Producers: Organisms that make their own food from inorganic sources 1º consumer: aka Herbivores, get food/energy by feeding DIRECTLY on producers 2º consumer: Feed on 1º consumers

15 Ecological Pyramids Diagram showing the relative amounts of energy/matter contained within each trophic level in a food chain/food web

16 3 Types of Pyramids Energy: Lose actual energy as you move up the pyramid Biomass: Most mass is found at the bottom of the pyramid Numbers: Most individuals are found at the bottom of the pyramid

17 Rule of 10 Only about 10% of the energy available within one trophic level is transferred to organisms at the next level

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19 Food Web When the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem form a network of complex interactions Link all food chains together

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