1. AP PSYCHOLOGY Unit I Trivia Review: History, Approaches & Research Methods

2. Round 1: The History of Psychology

3. Round 1: Question 1
QUESTION: In 1879, this man, determined to make psychology its own academic disciple, established the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany.
ANSWER: Wilhelm Wundt (the “father” of psychology)

4. Round 1: Question 2
QUESTION: Which of the major historical approaches to psychology would agree with the following statement: “the melody of a song is greater than its individual notes…”
ANSWER: Gestalt Psychology (top-down processing; Max Wertheimer;“the whole is greater than the sum of its parts…”)

5. Round 1: Question 3
QUESTION: The idea of “tabula rasa” as proposed by philosophers such as Aristotle and John Locke demonstrates what major issue in the modern psychological community?
ANSWER: Nature v. nurture

6. Round 1: Question 3
QUESTION: Which of the major historical approaches to psychology was most concerned with the mind’s ability to adapt to its environment/surroundings?
ANSWER: Functionalism (founder – William James)

7. Round 1: Question 5
QUESTION: In which setting do the majority of modern psychologists work?
ANSWER: Colleges & universities (approximately 35%)

8. Round 2: Major Schools of Thought

9. Round 2: Question 1
QUESTION: Why did John Watson object to Sigmund Freud & his interest in the psychodynamic approach to psychology?
ANSWER: Watson disliked the fact that Freud attributed human behaviors to the unconscious mind – an unobservable element of the human mind; Watson believed that psychology should be the study of observable behaviors.

10. Round 2: Question 2
QUESTION: A psychologist that studies the impact of hormones on post-menopausal women is most likely using the ____ approach of psychology.
ANSWER: Biological/Biopsychology (also referred to as neuroscience)

11. Round 2: Question 3
QUESTION: The development of humanistic psychology during the 1960s is often attributed to this man.
ANSWER: Abraham Maslow (Carl Rogers was another pioneer in this movement)

12. Round 2: Question 4
QUESTION: Gestalt psychology was most influential to the development of which modern school of psychological thought?
ANSWER: Cognitive psychology (developed during the 1950s; the “cognitive revolution”; led by psychologist George Miller)

13. Round 2: Question 5
QUESTION: What type of psychologist would be most likely to treat a paranoid schizophrenic who frequently experiences delusions and hallucinations?
ANSWER: Clinical psychologist (treat more severe problems, as opposed to counseling psychologists)

14. Round 3: Research Methods

15. Round 3: Question 1
QUESTION: According to psychologists, what are the primary goals of psychological research?
ANSWER:
(1) Measurement/Description (2) Understanding/Prediction (3) Application/Control

16. Round 3: Question 2
QUESTION: Explain the difference between random sampling and random assignment.
ANSWER: Random sampling happens prior to the experiment in order to ensure a representative sample; random assignment is the method in which researchers assign participants to either the control group or the experimental group (ensures similarity)

17. Round 3: Question 3
QUESTION: Explain the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable in an experiment.
ANSWER: In an experimental group, the independent variable is thought to impact or change the dependent variable...

18. Round 3: Question 4
QUESTION: In order for an experimental variable to be considered “measurable” researchers must first establish a(n) _____.
ANSWER: Operational definition

19. Round 3: Question 5
QUESTION: How does a single-blind study differ from a double-blind study?
ANSWER: Single-blind – subjects are in the dark, prevents the placebo effect; Double-blind – both subjects and researchers are in the dark, prevents the placebo effect & the experimenter effect.

20. Round 4: Psychological Statistics

21. Round 4: Question 1
QUESTION: What is the best measure of central tendency in the presence of a skewed distribution?
ANSWER: Median

22. Round 4: Question 2
QUESTION: What two elements of a correlational relationship do correlation coefficients (r) demonstrate?
ANSWER: Strength of relationship & direction of relationship.

23. Round 4: Question 3
QUESTION: Explain how one would interpret a p-value of 0.15.
ANSWER: The data is NOT statistically significant; the probability that the results were due to chance was 15 times out of 100.

24. Round 4: Question 4
QUESTION: Provide an example of both a positive correlation and a negative correlation.
ANSWER: Positive – as alcohol consumption increases, the likelihood of DUI increases; Negative – as levels of activity increase, the likelihood of heart attack decreases

25. Round 4: Question 5
QUESTION: Explain the bell curve in terms of its standard deviations.
ANSWER: 68.3% of the population falls within one SD in either direction; 95.4% of the population falls within two SDs in either direction; 99.7% of the population falls within three SDs in either direction…

26. BONUS ROUND
QUESTION: According to the APA, there are 5 major ethical considerations when conducting psychological research. What are they?
ANSWER: (1) Voluntary/informed consent (2) No physical/psychological harm (3) Deception only if debriefed (4) Privacy rights (5) Animal harm acceptable if…