1. THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN School of Information Introduction to APA Style Carla Darocy Hultberg Graduate Writing Project Consultant January 29, 2003

2. THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN School of Information Why cite sources anyway? Because one purpose of listing references is to enable readers to retrieve and use the sources, reference data must be correct and complete. … (APA, 2001, p. 216).

3. THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN School of Information Why else? [Because] authors are responsible for all information in their reference lists. Accurately prepared references help establish your credibility as a careful researcher (APA, 2001, p. 216).

4. THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN School of Information Why else? Academic honesty and integrity! You are academically dishonest if: –Someone writes your paper for you –You purchase a paper –You copy a paper from online –You fail to cite your sources –Your present someone elses ideas as your own

5. THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN School of Information APA Style: Quotations Give credit where credit is due (APA, 2001, p. 349). –Direct quotation Quotation marks around text –Paraphrase Must be entirely original

6. THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN School of Information APA Style: Citation of Sources Whether paraphrasing or quoting an author directly, you must credit the source … For a direct quotation in the text, the information provided will vary depending on whether your source was in print or electronic form. When citing print sources, give the author, year, and page number in parentheses (APA, 2001, p. 120).

7. THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN School of Information APA Style: Comparison MLA: –In-text: (Brown and Duguid 231) APA: In-text: (Brown & Duguid, 2000, p. 231)

8. THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN School of Information APA Style: Comparison MLA –Works Cited: Brown, John Seely, and Paul Duguid. The Social Life of Information. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2000. APA –References: Brown, J. S., & Duguid, P. (2000). The social life of information. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

9. THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN School of Information APA Style: Comparison Turabian: –In-text (author-date): (Brown and Duguid 2000, 231) APA: In-text: (Brown & Duguid, 2000, p. 231)

10. THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN School of Information APA Style: Comparison Turabian –Bibliography: Brown, John Seely, and Paul Duguid. 2000. The Social Life of Information. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. APA –References list: Brown, J. S., & Duguid, P. (2000). The social life of information. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

11. THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN School of Information APA Style: Books Author, A.A. (year). Title of work. Location: Publisher. Creswell, J.W. (1994). Research design: Qualitative & quantitative approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

12. THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN School of Information APA Style: Chapter or Article in Edited Book Author, A.A. (year). Title of article. In A.A. Editor & B.B. Editor (Eds.), Title of work (pp. xxx-xxx). Location: Publisher. Bolter, J. (1995). The electronic hiding place. In W.A. Covino & D.A. Jolliffe (Eds.), Rhetoric: Concepts, definitions, boundaries (pp. 783-784). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

13. THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN School of Information APA Style: Journal Articles Author, A.A. (year). Title of article. Name of Journal, volume (issue), xxx-xxx. Buckland, Michael K. (1991). Information as thing. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 42(5), 351- 360.

14. THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN School of Information APA Style: Electronic Author, A. A. (year). Title of work. Retrieved month day, year, from source. Band, J. (2001). The Digital Millenium Copyright Act. Retrieved September 8, 2001, from http://www.arl.org/info/frn/ copy/band.htmlhttp://www.arl.org/info/frn/ copy/band.html

15. THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN School of Information APA Style: In-text Basic form: quotation (Last name, date, p. #). –For electronic resources: use paragraph # (¶ # or para. #) instead of page #. –Alternatively, use the section heading and paragraph.

16. THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN School of Information APA Style: More than Citations –Ch. 1: Content and Organization of a Manuscript –Ch. 2: Expressing Ideas and Reducing Bias in Language –Ch. 3: APA Editorial Style –Ch. 4: Reference List –Ch. 5: Manuscript Preparation and Sample Papers to be Submitted for Publication

17. THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN School of Information APA Style: Useful References American Psychological Association. (2002). APAStyle.Org. Retrieved September 13, 2002, from http://www.apastyle.org http://www.apastyle.org –See especially the section on electronic references at http://www.apastyle.org/ elecref.html http://www.apastyle.org/ elecref.html

18. THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN School of Information APA Style: Useful References University of Madison-Wisconsin Writing Center. (2001). Writers handbook: Documentation styles. Retrieved September 11, 2002, from http://www.wisc.edu/writing/ Handbook/Documentation.html http://www.wisc.edu/writing/ Handbook/Documentation.html