1. Basel II Introduction to the New Regulation for capital adequacy
October 2006

2. Summary
What is Basel? Basel I vs. Basel II
Basel II in Raiffeisen International and Raiffeisen Romania
The costs of Basel II implementation
Specifics for leasing companies

3. Summary
What is Basel? Basel I vs. Basel II
Basel II in Raiffeisen International and Raiffeisen Romania
The costs of Basel II implementation
Specifics for leasing companies

4. What is Basel? Basel I vs. Basel II
From Basel I to Basel II
In 1988, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS), under the auspices of the Bank of International Settlements (BIS), in Basel, Switzerland, published a set of minimal capital requirements for banks. This is known as the Basel I or 1988 Basel Accord.
Basel I applies to banks with international presence which are required to hold capital equal to 8 % of the risk-weighted assets.
The New Capital Accord or Basel II is addressed to:
Focus on internationally active banks but principles apply to all banks;
Within EU: all credit institutions and securities firms.
Basel II introduce a different method of calculating the capital adequacy ratio (solvability ratio) in parallel with new (more strict) requirements regarding supervision and transparency of banks.

5. What is Basel? Basel I vs. Basel II
Why Basel II ?
Rationale for a New Accord
More risk sensitivity. Basel I is credit insensitive with fixed risk percentages applied to certain, pre-defined risk categories: 0%, 20%, 50%, 100%, it does not differentiate creditworthiness of borrowers - “one size fits all!”;
More emphasis on internal models and supervisory review. Basel I did not permit internal models.
Objectives of the New Accord
The level of capital is directly correlated with the risk profile and the risk appetite of a bank
Continue to enhance competitive equality
Greater emphasis on banks’ own assessment of risk and a comprehensive coverage of various risks;
The framework of 3 complementary pillars will help making the banking system Safer, Sounder, and More Efficient.

6. Committee / regulatory body
What is Basel? Basel I vs. Basel II
Romania adopted the EU Directive instead of Basel II Accord
The key differences between Basel Capital Accord and EU Directive are as presented below
Committee / regulatory body
Basel Committee for Banking Supervision (Committee of BIS - Bank for International Settlements)
Commission of the European Union
G-10-countries*, represented by central banks’ governors
EU countries (EU with observatory status in Basel committee)
Scope of influence
Internationally operating banks
Credit institutions of the European Union
Legal character
Legally non-binding agreements between national regulatory authorities
Recommendations on best practices
EU directives, diverse directives for implementation of Basel I
Implementation into national law
* Representative countries: Belgium, Germany, France, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, Canada, Luxemburg, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, USA, EU with observatory status
Representatives
Basel I – Basel Capital Accord from 1988
Basel II – International Convergence of Capital Measurements and Capital Standards – A Revised Framework, Comprehensive Version, Updated June 2006
Directive 2006/48/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14th June 2006 and Directive 2006/49/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14th June 2006
Contents similar to the BIS paper, discrepancies arising from inclusion of local EU specifics
Documents / papers
Brussels
Basel

7. What is Basel? Basel I vs. Basel II
The impact of Basel II is reflected in the following issues
Extensive coverage
In Europe, all banks and investment companies need to comply with the new rules
for capital and risk management, for all component business areas
Scope for competitive gains
Companies with extensive and well diversified risk portfolios have the opportunity to improve
market position
Reporting transparency
The new disclosure rules on capital and risk management will have a direct impact on credit
rating and share price
Business mix
The new rules on capital and risk management will have a direct impact on business
investment/divestment decisions and market perception of these decisions
Supervision
Regulators are likely to expect the leading and most complex institutions to aspire to the most
advanced approaches
Risk management
There will be far greater regulatory and market focus on effective risk management
Implementation effort
Although banks are at varying levels of sophistication regarding risk management, data
architecture and system infrastructure, Basel II will involve a major change programme at
considerable cost

8. What is Basel? Basel I vs. Basel II
Evolution of Regulatory Capital
Capital Ratio = Total Capital Credit Risk (RWA of Banking Book)
1988 Basel Capital Accord
„Basel I“
Capital Ratio = Total Capital
Credit Risk + Market Risk (MR RWA for trading book)
1996 Market Risk Amendment
Definition unchanged
Capital Ratio = Total Capital
Credit Risk + Market Risk Operational Risk
„Basel II“
2004 New Basel Capital Accord
8% minimum unchaned
New capital charge
No change
RWA calculations revised

9. Pillar 1 - Minimum Capital Requirement
What is Basel? Basel I vs. Basel II
Pillar 1 - Minimum Capital Requirement
For each of the 3 categories of risks - credit risk, market risk and operational risk,
there are several measurement options (approaches).
Credit Risk
Standardised Approach
Internal Rating Based Foundation Approach – available only for non-retail clients
Advanced Measurement Approach
Market Risk
Internal Approach
Operational Risk
Basic Indicator Approach
Advanced Measurement Approach (AMA)

10. What is Basel? Basel I vs. Basel II
Pillar 1: Credit Risk

11. Pillar 1 - Operational Risk
What is Basel? Basel I vs. Basel II
Pillar 1 - Operational Risk
Operational risk is defined as the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems or from external events
includes legal risk
excludes strategic and reputation risk

12. Market Risk / Trading Book
What is Basel? Basel I vs. Basel II
Market Risk / Trading Book
Basel I was concentrated purely on Interest Rate Risk and was based upon either maturity or duration bands.
Later on it was amended to include FX and Equity Risks.
Value-at-Risk (VaR) is the most popular internal model.

13. Pillar 2 – Supervisory Review
What is Basel? Basel I vs. Basel II
Pillar 2 – Supervisory Review
The key principle of the supervisory review
“Banks should have a process for assessing their overall capital adequacy in relation to their risk profile and a strategy for maintaining their capital levels“
The key premise: Supervisors are empowered to require and penalize banks to hold capital above the minimum. Supervisors will conduct regular review to ensure adequate capital; if review fails, supervisor should increase capital charge.
Responsibility for adequate capital rests with the bank’s management

14. Pillar 3 – Market Discipline
What is Basel? Basel I vs. Basel II
Pillar 3 – Market Discipline
Extensive disclosure requirements: By disclosing detailed information about all risk types, a bank enables other participants in the market to assess its risk position and the adequacy of its capital.
Mandatory disclosures
Way in which the accord is applied within the group;
Amount and quality of the group’s capital;
Qualitative and quantitative information on the methods used and measurement of all three forms of risk in the banking book, including strategies for managing future risk;
An analysis of the capital adequacy of the group, including contingency plans for times of stress.
Supplementary disclosures, at request of regulator

15. Summary
What is Basel? Basel I vs. Basel II
Basel II in Raiffeisen International and Raiffeisen Romania
The costs of Basel II implementation
Specifics for leasing companies

16. RZB Group approaches for Pillar 1
Basel II in Raiffeisen International and Raiffeisen Romania
RZB Group approaches for Pillar 1
RZB Group aims to implement starting :
Internal Rating Based Foundation Approach for Credit Risk and
Standardized Approach for Market and Operational Risks
Raiffeisen Bank Romania and Raiffeisen Leasing Romania will
implement starting :
Standardised Approach for Credit, Market and Operational Risks

17. Summary
What is Basel? Basel I vs. Basel II
Basel II in Raiffeisen International and Raiffeisen Romania
The costs of Basel II implementation
Specifics for leasing companies

18. The costs of Basel II implementation
Basel II is a business issue and an IT issue and is a major change programme at considerable cost
Basel II implementation doesn’t mean only implementation of IT system and software programs but also implementation of best practices in risk management
Basel II requires substantial work and effort as well as significant investments, as major changes can occur at the level of the organization
Basel II is an opportunity to reduce costs and improve efficiency to gain competitive advantage. Reducing risks means it is reduced the amount of money to be put aside for covering the risks.
The cost and availability of capital for all banks in future are closely related to the efficient and effective implementation of IFRS and Basel II. This is the most important issue for any bank for the next three to five years, with massive impacts on margins, business strategy, and internal project execution.

19. The costs of Basel II implementation
In July 2006 NBR requested a quantitative impact study (QIS), based on 31 December 2005 figures, in order to evaluate the impact of new capital accord - Basel II implementation; the study was focused on for credit & operational risk only;
28 banks, representing 90% of the entire banking system, participated to this study;
For credit risk all the 28 banks used the standardized approach and the result on the capital adequacy ratio (CAD) is a 1.5 percentage points reduction, from 20.99% based on current regulations to19.47%;
For operational risk different approaches were used: 18 banks used base approach and 10 banks, including Raiffeisen bank, used standardized approach; operational risk will put a supplementary pressure on CAD ratio, reducing it with another 1.6 percentage points;
In conclusion, for both credit and operational risks, the reduction in CAD ratio for the 28 banks, will be 3.1 percentage points
Even with this negative impact, the CAD ratio at Romanian banking system is still well above the new minimum level of 8% proposed by NBR, following the implementation of Basel II requirement starting 1st of January 2007.