1. A Tale of Two City-States
Athens & Sparta
A Tale of
Two City-States

2. Athens Became a democracy c. 500 BCE Education
Council of 500 ( no women and slaves)
Gather and debate issues - water cup timer
Education
Boys attended school till age of 14 – train for citizenship
Girls helped mothers around house – usually married by age of 15 (wealthy = less choice)
Economy – depended on trade
Slavery
Captured in wars or born into slavery
Skilled craftsmen, clerks, tutored children
Athens

3. Socrates
During the golden age of freedom and education in Athens, many teachers traveled around Greece educating the young. One of the most famous of these teachers was a man named Socrates. 
Socrates also taught his students to think for themselves. He created a teaching method known today as the Socratic Method, which helped students think clearly, and question their currently accepted way of thinking.
Socrates was eventually accused of corrupting the young. After being convicted by a jury he was sentenced to death. 

4. School of Athens Plato and Aristotle are central figures
Pythagoras is in lower left working on a theorem

5. Socratic Method
Socrates taught people by asking questions to stimulate thinking.

6. Plato A young student of Socrates.
Plato opened a school called The Academy to teach people men to become better statesmen. 
Plato authored a book which he titled ‘The Republic’, which outlined what he believed was the perfect government.
Plato felt that a democracy was not the most effective form of government, because the lower classes of people could not be trusted.
He felt that the higher classes which were more educated aught to be in charge of the government.

7. Aristotle
After studying with Plato for nearly 20 years, Aristotle set out on his own as a teacher. He opened a school in Athens, where he taught on everything from science, to politics, to critical thinking. 
Aristotle wrote over 200 books during his life. These books would remain long after his death, and would effect western thinking for centuries to come. 

8. S.P.A.A. Socrates taught Plato Plato taught Aristotle
Aristotle taught Alexander the Great

9. Acropolis overlooking Athens

10. Sparta Government - Oligarchy Economy – farming and war
Council of Elders – Real power in Sparta
Two Kings and 28 men over age of 60
Assembly of male citizens – little power
Economy – farming and war
Discouraged trade and new ideas
Slavery – conquered neighbors called helots
Paid Sparta with food

11. Agoge System Produce men to defend Sparta
Boys enter army at age of 7
Reading and writing not considered important
Experience pain without complaining
Difficult tests of fitness
Could not live with wife and family until 30 – military service continued till age of 60
Girls - more rights than other Greek women
Received some military training
Protect house at times of war
Simple life (plain clothes, no jewelry, make-up)
Free to speak
Marry another man if husband at war too long