1. National Diploma in Computer Studies
Skill Area 310 Identify Software Categories Machine, Software and Program Design Prepared by Dhimas Ruswanto

2. Lecture Overview Computer Hardware Types of Software Software System
Application Software

3. Computer Hardware CPU - Central processing unit
Internal
Memory
External
Memory
CPU
Processor
Input
Output
ALU
CPU - Central processing unit
ALU - Arithmetic and logic unit
ROM - Read only memory
RAM - Random access memory

4. Hardware CPU - Brains of the computer
Arithmetic calculations are performed using the Arithmetic/Logical Unit or ALU
Control unit decodes and executes instructions
Arithmetic operations are performed using binary number system

5. Hardware Memory – storage for input, temporary data and output:
RAM – volatile (temporary),
Hard Disk (semi-permanent).

6. Hardware
I/O Devices
Accessories that allow computer to perform specific tasks
Receive information for processing
Return the results of processing
Store information
Common input and output devices
Speakers Mouse Scanner
Printer Joystick CD-ROM
Keyboard Microphone DVD
Some devices are capable of both input and output
Floppy drive Hard drive Magnetic tape units

7. Types of Software Systems Software Application Software
General Purpose Application Software
Special Purpose Software
Bespoke or “off the shelf”

8. Systems Software
Systems Software perform tasks that are needed to run on the computer systems
Types of Systems Software:
Operating System
Library Programs
Utility Programs (these are the programs designed to make life easier for computer users)
Translation System

9. Operating Systems UNIX
Set of programs containing instructions that control or maintain all the operations of a computer and its devices.
Provides a means for users to communicate with the computer and other software.
When a computer starts, parts of the operating system are copied into memory from the hard disk and remain in memory as long as computer is ON.
Operating systems
UNIX

10. Library Programs
These programs are available to all users of a multi-user system to do tasks that are common and required by all
For instance – a routine that searches for lost files, restores them, and saves them, is stored in a library.

11. Utility Programs Designed to make life easier for computer users.
Example:
Search for lost files
Sort Files
Copy onto a CD/magnetic disk
Compress to a ZIP file

12. Translation System
Set of programs used to develop software
These are the basically the software that TRANSLATE the words of a high level program (such as C, C++, JAVA) to machine code to 1’s and 0’s
A key component of a translation system is a translator
Some types of translators
Compiler
Converts from one language to another
Linker
Combines resources
Language
Translation
Process
Source
Program
Machine
Object
Written in
BASIC
C,C++,
etc.
Translator
Compiler
Interpreter
Assembler
IF A := B
THEN

13. Application Software
Application software is the software that has made using computers indispensable and popular
Common application software
Word processors
Desktop publishing programs
Spreadsheets
Presentation managers
Drawing programs
Types of Application Software based on Purpose:
General purpose application software
Special purpose application software

14. Generic Purpose Software
Software Suites:
Adobe Master Collections CS5
Microsoft Offices

15. Special Purpose Software
Software to perform a specific task
Examples:
Software to help fill in an income tax return
Stock Control System
Payroll System

16. Bespoke Software
This is software that is designed for a specific purpose AND for a specific organization.
It is built specifically and custom-made for them
Written to the exact specification of the customer
Examples:
Online Banking System
Online Booking System

17. Off-The-Shelf Software
Software which is not pirated
A legal tender purchased from the store.
Software which is not specifically designed for a customers requirements.
Examples:
AntiVirus
Microsoft Windows

18. Bespoke vs. Off-The -Shelf
Bespoke advantages:
Designed to do exactly what the user wants
Has no unwanted features
Can be written to run on specific hardware
Can be integrated with existing software
There may not be a suitable software package on the market
Off-the-shelf advantages:
Less expensive
More collaboration (can talk to other users of the software)
Can be bought and installed immediately
Software has been tried and tested – so will contain fewer bugs
Software well documented
Easily replaceable and can be found anywhere

19. Summary Computer Hardware: Types of Software:
CPU, I/O Devices, Memory,
Types of Software:
Systems Software
Application Software
General Purpose Application Software
Special Purpose Software
Bespoke or “off the shelf