1. TAXONOMY- the science of naming and classifying organisms
Aristotle: grouped plants and animals based on similarities
Greeks & Romans-major groups called “genus” (means group)
Carl Linnaeus-( ) - Sweden--gave organisms a 2 word name...

2. Binomial Nomenclature
Means “2 word naming system”
2 words are
Genus (1st word—1st letter always capitalized)
species (2nd word—all lower case)
Both words should either be underlined or in italics (italics only if typed)
this is considered the Scientific name!

3. Universal Language = Latin
Provides a standard for communication among biologists, regardless of their native language
2 different organisms cannot have the same scientific name
organisms can share one part of their scientific name w/another organism.

4. Hierarchical System Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus
species
Dear King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup
{SCIENTIFIC NAME}

5. 5 or 6 Kingdoms?
5 Kingdom System: Monera (Bacteria), Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
6 Kingdom System: Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

6. Species
Generally defined as a group of organisms that can breed to produce fertile offspring
All dogs are one species
Horses and donkeys are different species because when they breed, their offspring (mules) are sterile!

7. Phylogenetic Tree
Branched diagram that represents relationships of organisms
Clues to relationships found
Fossil record
Comparative anatomy and physiology
Correlation of DNA

8. http://images. google. com/imgres. imgurl=http://www. med. nyu

9. DICHOTOMOUS KEYS Key used to identify something, like organisms
Uses pairs of contrasting descriptions (A or B)
The correct description either leads to another pair of descriptions or identifies the object.
Always start at #1 each time you use one.

10. Help! Scientists have discovered quite a few new creatures on planet Pamishan. They need your help to identify and classify them. Use the dichotomous key to identify these creatures. 2 1

11. A Key to New Pamishan Creatures
Planet Pamishan

12. 6 Kingdoms Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia
These 2 are sometimes combined together to form the Monera Kingdom when only 5 Kingdoms are used

13. Cell Types Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
No nucleus
No membrane-bound organelles
Most μm in size
Evolved 3.5 billion years ago
Only Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Kingdoms
Has nucleus
Many organelles
Many 2-1,000 μm in size
Evolved 1.5 billion years ago
Includes Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia Kingdoms

14. Types of Nutrition: Autotrophs or Heterotrophs
1.) photosynthetic -organism that uses energy from the sun to make its own food
2.) chemosynthetic -simple nonliving chemical nutrients such as H2S, sulfur, and iron is consumed and made into living tissue; makes its own food.
*All autotrophs make their own food!
Heterotrophs: organisms that cannot make its own food—must eat other organisms or organic wastes
Absorbers: produces enzymes that break down food particles outside its body, then absorbs the digested molecules

15. Bacteria Shapes Coccus (spherical shaped) Bacillus (rod shaped)
Singular Plural
Coccus cocci
Bacillus bacilli
Spirillum spirilla
Singular Plural
Coccus cocci
Bacillus bacilli
Spirillum spirilla
Spirillum(spiral/curved walls)

16. Kingdom Archaebacteria
methanic
Kingdom Archaebacteria
halophile
halophile
methanic
sulfurous
halophile

17. Kingdom Eubacteria

18. Bacterial Fossils of blue-green algae cyanobacteria
2.6 billion years old
3.2 billion years old
Algal mats preserved in rock
Modern day

19. Eukaryotic Cells – Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia
Protists – yellow; fungi – red; plantae – green; animalia - blue

20. Kingdom Protista from microscopic to 150 feet large (the “catch-all kingdom”)

21. Kingdom Fungi

22. Kingdom Plantae

23. Kingdom Animalia