1. Principles of Management
Foundations of planning

2. The What and Why of Planning
What is planning?
Why do managers plan?
Planning and performance
Planning leads to positive financial results
External factors can affect planning effectiveness
Long term planning leads to better performance

3. Goals and Plans Types of goals Types of plans Stated goals: “say”
Real goals: “do”
Types of plans
Strategic vs. operational
Long term vs. intermediate term vs. short term
Specific vs. directional
Single use vs. standing

4. Goals: SMART
Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Relevant
Timely

5. Planning Approaches
Formal vs. informal
Top-down vs. bottom-up

6. Contemporary Issues in Planning
Planning in dynamic environments
Environmental scanning