1. American Government
Chapter 3
Section 3

2. Informal Amendment of the Constitution
Basic Legislation
Executive Action
Supreme Court Decisions
Party Practice
Custom

3. Basic Legislation Laws Specify the Constitution’s Broad Meanings
Interpretations of the Powers of Congress as Times Change

4. Executive Action Executive Orders hold the Power of Law
Use of Armed Forces without Congressional Declaration of War
Executive Agreements Instead of Treaties

5. Supreme Court Decisions
Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896
Reynolds v. US, 1878
Korematsu v. US, 1944
The Civil Rights Cases, 1883
Bethel v. Fraser, 1986
In Re Gault, 1966

6. Party Practice Presidential Nominations Primary Elections
Legislative Roles by Majority Party

7. Custom President’s Cabinet Succession of the Vice-President
Presidential Term Limits *