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The South & the Slave Controversy- 1793-1860
Chapter 16
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A. Cotton is King! Plans to do away w/ slavery, end on its own
Cotton gin & industrial revolution Economic spiral of plantations Depleted soil- moved west Value of cotton, Britain
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B. The Planter Aristocracy
Small number of large planters 1,700 families owned 100 or more slaves Privellaged upper class- undemocratic
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C. Slaves of the Slave System
Monopolistic economy- cotton plantations (one-crop economy) Small farmers sold out to large farmers Overspeculation of land & slaves Resented “Yankees” Little European immigration 1860 – 4.4% of southern population was foreign born, 18.7% of north
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D. The White Majority Most slaveowners owned 10 slaves or less
¾ of the southern population owned no slaves- defenders of slavery Hope of owning slaves Belief in racial superiority Mountain whites
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E. Free Blacks: Slaves Without Masters
About 250,000 in the South Emancipation, purchase Free, but many restrictions About 250,000 in the North Resented b/c of work
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F. Plantation Slavery 1860- about 4 million
Death penalty for international slavers Natural population increase Investments Slave majority in deep south
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Slave auctions & family separations
Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin
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G. Life Under the Lash Myth of the “happy slave” Work No rights
Punishments Regions Marriages Religion- focused on ideas of slavery
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H. The Burdens of Bondage
No education, illiterate- why? Sabotaged work
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Hope for freedom- rebellions
Gabriel – VA – 1800 New Orleans Denmark Vesey- Charleston, SC- 1822 Nat Turner- VA dead whites Reactions by Southern whites Plans of VA General Assembly
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Amistad Mutiny
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I. Early Abolitionism Revolution Era ideas Quakers
American Colonization Society- 1817 Liberia ,000 went, most didn’t 1833- GB abolished slavery in West Indies
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J. Radical Abolitionism
William Lloyd Garrison- Liberator- 1831 Immediate emancipation Uncompromising American Anti-slavery Society- 1833
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Abolitionist Split AASS American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society
Garrison/Boston American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society Tappan Brothers/NY
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Black Abolitionists David Walker Sojourner Truth Martin Delaney Frederick Douglass- Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass (realistic)
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K. The South Lashes Back Slave codes tightened after 1831- why?
No emancipation Garrison’s reputation Nullification Crisis of 1832 Use of religion “happy servants”- better than immigrants of North Gag Rule of John Q. Adams
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L. Abolitionist Impact in the North
Not a popular movement Constitutional principles Spirit of compromise Southerners owed Northerners Most not prepared to abolish slavery Stop extension of slavery- freesoilers
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