2. Bio Do Now Do you have the same DNA as the person sitting next to you?
How can you tell?
Get out your notes

3. mutation
Any change in the nucleotide-base sequence of a gene/DNA molecule
Either on chromosome level or nucleotide level

4. Germ cell mutation- occurs in gamete (egg or sperm) affects offspring
Somatic cell mutation- occurs in body cell, affects individual

5. Gene Mutations Point mutations- substitution of a single nucleotide
Frameshift- insertion or deletion of a nucleotide

6. Original DNA:
DNA: TAC CTA CTC GAG TAG
mRNA: AUG GAU GAG CUC AUC
tRNA: UAC CUA CUC GAG UAG
Start: She ate ham stop
Mutation 1:
DNA: TAC CTA CTC GAC TAG
mRNA: AUG GAU GAC CUG AUC
tRNA: UAC CUA CUG GAC UAG
Start: She ate Sam stop

7. Original DNA:
DNA: TAC CTA CTC GAG TAG ACT…
mRNA: AUG GAU GAG CUC AUC
tRNA: UAC CUA CUC GAG UAG
Start: She ate ham stop
Mutation 2:
DNA: TAC CAC TCG AGT AGA CT…
mRNA: AUG GUG AGC UCA UCA GA
tRNA: UAC CAC UCG AGU AGU CU
Start: hea the ama ndw asn ots ad…

8. Come up with your own three letter word sentence.
Model a point mutation
Model a frameshift
Which is more likely to have an effect on a protein, a point mutation or a frameshift mutation?

9. Chromosome mutations

10. Car analogy

11. Chromosome mutations
Deletion- loss of part of a chromosome

12. Chromosome mutations
Duplication- gene on a chromosome is copied twice

13. Chromosome mutations
Inversion- part of chromosome breaks, flips around backwards, and reattaches

14. Chromosome mutations
Translocation- piece of chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome

15. Chromosome mutations
Non-disjunction- chromosome fails to separate during meiosis, one gamete receives 2 copies, the other none

16. Mutations can be:
1) harmful- lethal or detrimental to growth and development
2) beneficial- give evolutionary advantage
3)neutral- no change in gene expression or protein structure

17. For each of the following:
Transcribe into RNA and find the amino acid sequence that it codes for (table p.244)
Determine what type of gene mutation has occurred
Original: TAC CTA GAA CCG ATC
Mutation 1: TAC CTA GAA CCA ATC
Mutation 2: TAC CTA GAT ACC GAT C
Mutation 3: TAC CTA AAC CGA TC
Mutation 4: TAC CTT GAA CCG ATC

18. Read about mutagens
p.255