1. Unit 5 Evolution
Evidence of Evolution

2. Evidence 1 Fossil: impression of dead organism made on a surface
Types:
Mold: imprint on surface in shape of organism
Cast: mold that has been filled w/minerals to form a model

3. Australia

6. Distribution of Fossils
Law of superposition: layers of materials accumulated on the organism
Bottom layer = oldest
Top layer = youngest

7. Succession of forms 1. Extinction
2. Mass extinction: large population of species disappear in a short period of time
Reasons:

9. Evidence 2
Homologous structures: structures that are similar in different species
May have common ancestor
Different functions
Example:

11. Evidence 2
Analogous structures: structures of different species that have same function
Look similar
May not have common ancestor
Example:

12. Homologous and Analogous

13. Analogous Structures

14. Evidence 2
Vestigial organ: existing structures used by ancestors but not by current species
Example:

15. Evidence 3 Embryology: Embryo: first stage of developing organism
All vertebrates show similar features in embryo stage

17. Evidence 4 Macromolecules:
Amino Acid and DNA sequences are similar for certain species
-Common ancestor

18. Patterns of Evolution
Coevolution: different species adapt over time with one another
can be btwn species of mutualism
Example:

19. Coevolution

21. Patterns of Evolution
Convergent Evolution: species not closely related adapt similar traits to their environment separately
Analogous structures result
Phenotypes converge
Example:

23. Patterns of Evolution
Divergent Evolution: 2 or more related species become more different over time
Different habitats
Adaptive radiation: arise from 1 common ancestor
Example:
Artificial selection: diverging due to unnatural occurrences