1. DNA, protein synthesis, gene expression & mutations
Our good looks!
DNA, protein synthesis, gene expression & mutations

2. Assume these are all from the same person: what do these different cell types have in common?

3. If all cells have the same DNA, how are different cells different?
Result of control of gene expression

4. Different Genes – Different Functions
Pancreas Cell
Bone Cell
Brain Cell

5. Types of regulatory proteins
activator proteins:
repressor proteins:

6. Additional means of regulating gene expression

7. To complicate matters . . .
The environment can play a role in gene expression

8. What’s a mutation?

9. Types of mutations Base substitutions Base insertions or deletions
Chromosomal aberrations

10. Base substitutions
May have no effect due to
May have big effect

11. Base substitution

12. Base insertions or deletions
The addition or removal of one or more bases

13. Base deletion

14. Chromosomal aberrations
Changes to the overall organization of genes on a chromosome

15. Causes of mutations
spontaneous
mutagens

16. Mutation summary 1.