1. Wilson’s new freedom
Chapter 6 Lesson 3

2. Woodrow Wilson
New Freedom:
New Freedom: Woodrow Wilson’s program to place government controls on corporations in order to benefit small businesses.
“The man with only a little capital is finding it harder and harder to get into the field, more and more impossible to compete with the big fellow. Why? Because the laws of this country do not prevent the strong from crushing the weak.” – W. Wilson
Wilson attacked the “triple wall of privilege”: Blocked businesses from being free.
Tariffs
Banks
Trusts

3. Regulations under Woodrow
Underwood Tariff Act (1913): Cut tariffs so that if American companies’ prices were too high, consumers could buy foreign goods.
16th Amendment: constitutional amendment that gave Congress the authority to levy an income tax.
The 16th amendment more than made up for the $ the government lost by lowering tariffs on imports.
Graduated Income Tax – wealthy pay a higher % of income than poor do
Federal Reserve Act (1913): Law that placed national banks under the control of a Federal Reserve Board, which runs 12 regional banks that :
hold the reserve funds from commercial banks
set interest rates
supervises commercial banks.
***Still in place today.
Federal Trade Commission (FTC): Government agency established in 1914 to identify :
monopolistic business practices
false advertising
dishonest labeling.
Clayton Antitrust Act (1914):
Triple Wall of Privalege:
Tariffs
Banks
Trusts

4. The Struggle Against Discrimination
The Limits of Progressivism
Progressivism Presents Contradictions
Most Progressives were white Anglo-Saxon Protestant reformers who were indifferent or actively hostile to minorities.
Americanization: Reformers believed that assimilating immigrants into American society would make them more loyal and moral citizens.
Dress like white middle class
Replace foods/customs of their homeland with Protestant practices and values.
Prejudice against immigrants was one of the forces behind the temperance movement.
Many believed that drinking customs of the “old world” corrupted the “new world” & would lead to moral decline
Part of the reason for the 18th amendment

5. The Struggle Against Discrimination
Booker T. Washington: Told blacks to move slowly toward racial progress.
W.E.B. Du Bois and William Monroe Trotter: Both urged African Americans to demand immediately all the rights guaranteed by the Constitution.
Niagara Movement: Denounced the idea of gradual progress. (Leading African American Thinkers)
Springfield, Illinois: Mob of whites tries to lynch two black men. (Lincolns Home)
Gains white reformers attention.
Niagara Movement and white reformers join forces.
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP): Interracial organization founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination and to achieve political and civil rights for African Americans
Urban League: Network of churches and clubs that set up employment agencies and relief efforts to help African Americans get settled and find work in the cities
African Americans Demand Reform

6. Legacy of Progressivism
What was the legacy of the progressive movement?
In your notes, describe three different reforms enacted by the Progressives and explain the lasting impact these reforms have had on the US.

7. Legacy of Progressivism
The federal government grew to offer more protection to Americans’ private lives while at the same time gaining more control over peoples’ lives.
Following the flurry of worker-protection legislation in 1916, the progressive movement lost momentum as the nation’s attention turned from reform to war. The movement’s drive clearly waned with the coming of World War I.

8. Legacy of Progressivism
The initiative, referendum, recall, the 17th and the 19th Amendments expanded voters’ influence.
The federal government grew to offer more protection to Americans’ private lives while at the same time gaining more control over peoples’ lives.
Expanded the government’s role in managing natural resources:
Dams
National Parks
Resource Use

9. Progressive Era Legislation
Major Constitutional Amendments
16th
17th
18th
19th
Other Major Legislation
Sherman Antitrust Act
Elkins Act
Hepburn Act
Meat Inspection Act
Pure Food & Drug Act
Federal Reserve Act
Clayton Antitrust Act
National Reclamation Act
Democratic Reforms
Initiative
Referendum
Recall
*The initiative, referendum, recall, the 17th and the 19th Amendments expanded voters’ influence.

10. Progressive Era Reform Groups NCL NAWSA Niagara Movement NAACP
Movements (within Progressivism)
Social Gospel
Settlement House
Suffrage
Temperance
Reformers
Muckrakers (Sinclair, Steffens, Riis, Tarbell)
Jane Addams
Florence Kelley
Carrie Chapman Catt
Ida B. Wells
Booker T. Washington
W.E.B. DuBois
John Muir
Reform Groups
NCL
NAWSA
Niagara Movement
NAACP
Anti-Defamation League
Presidents
Theodore Roosevelt
William Howard Taft
Woodrow Wilson