1. The Deepening European Crisis: World War II
Chapter 27
The Deepening European Crisis:
World War II

2. Prelude to War The “Diplomatic Revolution” (1933-1937)
Hitler becomes chancellor, January 30, 1933
Slow rearmament
Repudiation of disarmament clauses of Versailles Peace Treaty, 1935
Troops into the demilitarized Rhineland, March 7, 1936
New Allies
Rome-Berlin Axis, October 1936
Anti-Comintern Pact between Germany and Japan, November 1936

3. The Path to War (1938-1939) Annexation of Austria, March 13, 1938
Demand the cession of the Sudetenland, September 15, 1938
Munich Conference, September 29, 1938
Neville Chamberlain ( )
Appeasement
German dismemberment of Czechoslovakia
Hitler demands Danzig
British offer to protect Poland
Non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union, August 23, 1939
Invasion of Poland, September 1, 1939
Britain and France declare war on Germany, September 3, 1939

4. The Course to World War II
Blitzkrieg (lightening war)
Poland divided on September 28, 1939
Victory and Stalemate
“Phony War”, winter
Germany resumes offensive, April 9, 1939, against Denmark and Norway
Attack on Netherlands, Belgium, and France, May 10, 1940
Evacuation of Dunkirk
Surrender of France, June 22, 1940
Vichy France
Marshal Henri Pétain ( )
Battle of Britain, August-September 1940
German Luftwaffe
German Mediterranean strategy
Germany invades the Soviet Union, June 22, 1941

5. War in Asia Japanese Empire Attack on Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere 

6. Turning Point of War, 1942-1943 Europe The Grand Alliance War in Asia
Defeat of Germany the first priority
Military aid to Russia and Britain
Allies ignore political differences
Agree on unconditional surrender
German success in 1942 in Africa and Soviet Union
Allies invade North Africa, November 1942, victory in May 1943
Battle of Stalingrad, November 1942-February 1943
War in Asia
Battle of the Coral Sea, May 7-8, 1942
Battle of Midway, June 4, 1942

7. Last Years of the War Invasion of Sicily, 1943
Invasion of Italy, September 1943
Rome falls June 4, 1944
D-Day invasion of France, June 6, 1944
Five assault divisions landed on Normandy beaches
Within three months, two million men landed
German surrender at Stalingrad, February 2, 1943
Tank Battle of Kursk, Soviet Union, July 5-12, 1943
Russians enters Berlin, April 1945
Hitler’s suicide, April 30, 1945
Surrender of Germany, May 7, 1945 
Death of President Franklin Roosevelt, April 12, 1945
Difficulty of invading the Japanese homeland
New President Harry Truman makes decision to use the atomic bomb
Surrender of Japan, August 14, 1945
Human losses in the war: 17 million military dead, 18 million civilians dead

8. The Nazi New Order The Nazi Empire
Nazi occupation of Europe was organized in two ways
Some areas annexed and made into German provinces
Most areas occupied and administered by Germans
Racial considerations
Resettlement plans of the East
Poles were uprooted and moved
2 million ethnic Germans settled Poland, 1942
Need for labor

9. The New Order in Asia Great East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
“Asia for the Asians”
Japanese Occupation
Conquest of Nanjing
“Comfort women”
800,000 Korean forced laborers
Burma-Thailand Railroads

10. The Holocaust First focused on emigration The Final Solution
Reinhard Heydrich ( )
Einsatzgrupen
Death camps
In operation by the spring of 1942
Shipments of Jews from Poland, France, Belgium, and the Netherlands in 1942
Shipments from Berlin, Vienna, Prague, Greece, southern France, Italy, and Denmark
Zyklon B (hydrogen cyanide)
Auschwitz
Death of 2 out of 3 European Jews
The Other Holocaust
Death of million people beyond the million Jews
40 percent of European Gypsies

11. Mobilization: Three Examples
The Soviet Union
Enormous losses, 2 of every 5 killed in World War II were Russians
Siege of Leningrad
Factories moved to the interior
The United States
Slow mobilization until mid-1943
Social problems
African-Americans
Detroit, June 1943
Japanese Americans
Germany
Continued production of consumer goods first two years of the war
Blitzkrieg and then plunder conquered countries
Albert Speer and armaments production
Total mobilization of the economy, 1944

12. Civilians on the Front Line: The Bombing of Cities
Bombing civilians
Luftwaffe begin the Blitz in Britain
Allies begin bombing raids on German cities under Arthur Harris
Cologne, Germany
Americans daytime bombing
Hamburg; Dresden
Success or failure of bombing raids
Atomic bomb
Hiroshima, August 6, 1945
Nagasaki, August 9, 1945

13. Aftermath: The Emergence of the Cold War
The Conferences at Tehran, Yalta, and Potsdam
Conference at Tehran, November 1943
Future course of the war, invasion of the continent for 1944
Agreement for the partition of postwar Germany
Conference at Yalta, February 1945
“Declaration on Liberated Europe”
Soviet military assistance for the war against Japan
Creation of a United Nations
German unconditional surrender
Free elections in Eastern Europe
Conference at Potsdam, July 1945
Truman replaces Roosevelt
Growing problems between the Allies
Winston Churchill proclaims in March 1946 the existence of “an iron curtain” across the continent of Europe