1. Chapter 1: Nonprofit Management as a Profession and a Field of Study

2. A Revolution in Management
No longer “business as usual”
Increased competition and service demand
Decreased donations
Changed focus by foundations
Federal funding reduced or eliminated
Increased demands for accountability
Refer to Objective 1
Worth, Nonprofit Management Principles and Practice 4th Edition. SAGE Publications, 2017.

3. A Revolution in Management (cont’d.)
Letts, Ryan, and Gross
“Virtuous Capital: What Foundations Can Learn From Venture Capitalists” (1997)
Short-term grants not meeting needs
Recommend a venture capitalist approach
Refer to Objectives 3 and 4
Worth, Nonprofit Management Principles and Practice 4th Edition. SAGE Publications, 2017.

4. A Revolution in Management (cont’d.)
Bill Shore
The Cathedral Within (1999)
Criticizes traditional philanthropy approach
of funding programs rather than capacity
Refer to Objectives 3 and 4
Worth, Nonprofit Management Principles and Practice 4th Edition. SAGE Publications, 2017.

5. A Distinct Profession Robert D. Herman
Nonprofit management requires ability to
Integrate mission
Acquire resources
Develop strategy
Manage a double bottom line
Social and financial
Refer to Objectives 1 & 4
Worth, Nonprofit Management Principles and Practice 4th Edition. SAGE Publications, 2017.

6. A Distinct Profession (cont’d.)
Helmut K. Anheier
Unclear flow of authority
Complex stakeholder relationships
Flexible management
Objectives 1 & 4
Worth, Nonprofit Management Principles and Practice 4th Edition. SAGE Publications, 2017.

7. Nonprofit Management as a Field of Study
Management recognized as an independent field of study during the late 19th century
Henry R. Towne paper (1886)
Wharton School (1898)
First doctoral dissertation (1915)
Early focus on business organizations
Refer to Objectives 1, 2 & 3
Worth, Nonprofit Management Principles and Practice 4th Edition. SAGE Publications, 2017.

8. Nonprofit Management as a Field of Study (cont’d.)
Early 1900s
1911 YMCA offers first nonprofit studies
1935 YMCA publishes first nonprofit textbook
1960s
First Master of Public Administration
Worth, Nonprofit Management Principles and Practice 4th Edition. SAGE Publications, 2017.

9. Nonprofit Management as a Field of Study (cont’d.)
Network of Schools of Public Policy, Affairs, and Administration founded (NASPAA)
Commission on Private Philanthropy and Public Needs
Yale Program on Nonprofit Organizations founded
Worth, Nonprofit Management Principles and Practice 4th Edition. SAGE Publications, 2017.

10. Nonprofit Management as a Field of Study (cont’d.)
Establishment of research centers and programs
Case Western Reserve University’s Mandel Center for Nonprofit Organizations
Indiana University Center on Philanthropy
Worth, Nonprofit Management Principles and Practice 4th Edition. SAGE Publications, 2017.

11. Nonprofit Management as a Field of Study (cont’d.)
Nonprofit management boom
Academic literature focus grows
College courses in nonprofit management
Harvard Business Review publishes articles
New textbooks and journals
Worth, Nonprofit Management Principles and Practice 4th Edition. SAGE Publications, 2017.

12. Nonprofit Management as a Field of Study (cont’d.)
NASPPA
Guidelines for Graduate Professional Education in Nonprofit Organizations, Management, and Leadership
Nonprofit Academic Centers Council
Curricular Guidelines for Graduate Study in Philanthropy, the Nonprofit Sector, and Nonprofit Leadership
Worth, Nonprofit Management Principles and Practice 4th Edition. SAGE Publications, 2017.

13. Nonprofit Management as a Field of Study (cont’d.)
Early theorists did not distinguish between business, public, and nonprofit sectors
1960s: Recognition of differences between business and public management
1970s: Recognition of differences unique to nonprofit management
Refer to Objectives 1, 2 & 3
Worth, Nonprofit Management Principles and Practice 4th Edition. SAGE Publications, 2017.

14. Nonprofit Management as a Field of Study (cont’d.)
1980s: Government outsourcing to nonprofit sector
1990s: Significant attention by scholars
Academic Literature
Social scientists study nonprofit organizations
Business sector behavioral, organizational, and management theories
Practitioners and consultants
Refer to Objective 3
Worth, Nonprofit Management Principles and Practice 4th Edition. SAGE Publications, 2017.

15. Nonprofit Management as a Field of Study (cont’d.)
Teaching of Nonprofit Management
Schools of business or management
Schools of public administration/public policy
Other academic professions
Government and business collaborations
Refer to Objective 3
Worth, Nonprofit Management Principles and Practice 4th Edition. SAGE Publications, 2017.

16. Toward a Blended Approach
Purpose of nonprofit organizations
Social institutions
Responsible for preserving social values
Emphasizing process
Social enterprises
Responsible for achieving a defined mission
Emphasizing results
Refer to Objective 4
Worth, Nonprofit Management Principles and Practice 4th Edition. SAGE Publications, 2017.

17. Proceeding with Realism and Pride
“Nonprofit managers  enjoy unique rewards, including the satisfaction of knowing that they are working to advance those aspects of human life that many consider to be the most important—the arts, education, the preservation of culture, the alleviation of poverty, and the development of young people.”
-Michael J. Worth
Worth, Nonprofit Management Principles and Practice 4th Edition. SAGE Publications, 2017.