1. America Moves to the Cities
American Urbanization

2. The Cities Grow Up Cities expand outward (electric trolley/cable cars)
Louis Sullivan
Father of the skyscraper
“form follows function”
The dumbbell apartment
Wealthy move to the countryside – far away from the overcrowded, dirty cities

3. Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous!

4. The Astors “Old Money” vs. “nouveau riche.” (new rich)
Lived lavishly and entertained grandly
Social Registers (AKA: “The 400”)
One must have had at least $1 million in ready cash
At least three generations of wealth
Never labored a day in their life

5. Hearst Castle

11. Life in the Tenements

12. “Helping” Those Less Fortunate
City governments could not provide the services needed for the growing population
Political machine: A political organization in which a ”boss” who gains the support of individuals and businesses, who receive rewards (usually jobs) for getting out the vote.
Relied on immigrants for their voter- base.

13. “Helping” Those Less Fortunate
Tammany Hall
Most notorious political machine; graft and corruption
Controlled Democratic Party politics in NYC
Relied on Irish immigrants
William “Boss” Tweed
Tammany Hall: A Democratic political machine in New York City; held political control from
Notorious for graft (use of authority for personal gain) and political corruption.
Used Irish immigrants as their voter base; helped Irish assimilate and gain power.
William “Boss” Tweed: Leader of Tammany Hall between the 1850s-70s
Able to dole out city jobs and projects to his supporters
Found guilty of stealing $45 million from taxpayers through graft.

14. How the Other Half Lives – Jacob Riis
A book documenting the squalid living conditions in New York City slums in the s.
Middle and Upper classes were shocked by the destitution of the slums.

15. Bandit’s Roost,
1888
Five Points, New York