1. Genetics

2. Heredity is the passing of traits from parent to offspring.

3. Gregor Mendel - “Father of Genetics” The first to prove living things pass traits to their young.
Video Mendel

4. Each gene or allele can be dominant or recessive.
Capital letter = dominant allele
Lower case letter = recessive allele.
A tool used to predict traits in genetics is a Punnett Square.
Father’s Genes T t
T = brown hair
t = blonde hair t T t t t
Mother’s Genes t T t t t
Punnett Square :55

5. The physical trait that shows is the phenotype.
The pair of alleles is the genotype.
An organism with 2 alleles that are the same is homozygous.
An organism that has two different alleles is heterozygous.

6. G g G G g G G g G g g g G = Green Eyes g = Brown Eyes
Punnett Square :55
Brain Pop G G g G G
G = Green Eyes
g = Brown Eyes g G g g g
2 heterozygous offspring Gg, gG
2 homozygous offspring GG, gg
Phenotype = 3 offspring with green eyes and 1 offspring with brown eyes.
Genotype = 1 GG Gg 1 gg

7. Incomplete Dominance – When the offspring of 2 homozygous parents show a different phenotype.
R R
R = red
W = white W RW RW RW RW W

8. Multiple Alleles – A trait that is controlled by more than two genes.
A - dominant
B - dominant
O - recessive
AO = A OO = O
BO = B AB = AB

9. Polygenic Inheritance – When a group of gene pairs act together to make a trait.

10. Male Female XY XX Males determine the sex of the baby.
Determined through sex cells
Animation: Formation of twins
Sex Determination
Male Female
XY XX
Males determine the sex of the baby.

11. Recessive Genetic Disorders
Sickle-cell Anemia
Cystic Fibrosis

12. A tool for tracing the occurrence of a trait in a family.
Pedigrees
Pedigrees
A tool for tracing the occurrence of a trait in a family.

13. Genetic Engineering
Genetic engineering
Biological and chemical methods to change the DNA that makes up a gene.

14. There are 2 kinds of genetic engineering

15. 1. Recombinant DNA
Video: Recombinant DNA
Made by inserting a useful segment of DNA from one organism into a bacterium.

16. 2. Gene Therapy A normal gene is placed in a virus.
Video: Gene Therapy
A normal gene is placed in a virus.
It then delivers the normal gene when it infects its target cell.
The normal gene replaces the defective one.

17. 2:00
Selecting plants with the most desired traits to breed for the next generation is called selective breeding.

18. Genetically Engineered Plants
Pros
Can grow bigger crops
Better tasting
Add extra vitamins and minerals
Cons
Don’t know how food will affect our health

19. Who determines the sex of the baby?
Man = X Y
Female = X X X Y X X X X Y X X X X Y