1. Preview Chapter 10 Multiple Choice Short Response Extended Response
Standardized Test Prep
Preview
Multiple Choice
Short Response
Extended Response

2. Chapter 10 Multiple Choice
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice
1. For which of the following is DNA responsible?
A. directing RNA to make lipids
B. directing RNA to produce glucose
C. encoding information for making proteins
D. encoding information for changing the genetic code

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Chapter 10
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
1. For which of the following is DNA responsible?
A. directing RNA to make lipids
B. directing RNA to produce glucose
C. encoding information for making proteins
D. encoding information for changing the genetic code

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2. Where is RNA found?
F. only in proteins
G. only in the nucleus
H. only in the cytoplasm
J. in the nucleus and cytoplasm

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2. Where is RNA found?
F. only in proteins
G. only in the nucleus
H. only in the cytoplasm
J. in the nucleus and cytoplasm

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Standardized Test Prep
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3. What is the basic unit of DNA called?
A. sugar
B. nucleotide
C. phosphate
D. nucleic acid

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3. What is the basic unit of DNA called?
A. sugar
B. nucleotide
C. phosphate
D. nucleic acid

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4. Which of the following nucleic acids is involved in translation?
F. DNA only
G. mRNA only
H. DNA and mRNA
J. mRNA and tRNA

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4. Which of the following nucleic acids is involved in translation?
F. DNA only
G. mRNA only
H. DNA and mRNA
J. mRNA and tRNA

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Standardized Test Prep
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The table below shows
the percentage of bases in some organisms. Use the
table to answer the questions that follow.
5. What is the ratio of purines to pyrimidines for these organisms?
A. about 1:1
B. about 1:2
C. about 1:3
D. about 1:4

11. Multiple Choice, continued
Chapter 10
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
The table below shows
the percentage of bases in some organisms. Use the
table to answer the questions that follow.
5. What is the ratio of purines to pyrimidines for these organisms?
A. about 1:1
B. about 1:2
C. about 1:3
D. about 1:4

12. Multiple Choice, continued
Chapter 10
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
The table below shows
the percentage of bases in some organisms. Use the
table to answer the questions that follow.
6. Within each organism, which nucleotides are found in similar percentages?
F. A and T, G and C
G. A and C, G and T
H. A and C, G and U
J. A and G, T and U

13. Multiple Choice, continued
Chapter 10
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
The table below shows
the percentage of bases in some organisms. Use the
table to answer the questions that follow.
6. Within each organism, which nucleotides are found in similar percentages?
F. A and T, G and C
G. A and C, G and T
H. A and C, G and U
J. A and G, T and U

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7. mRNA : uracil :: DNA :
A. guanine
B. thymine
C. adenine
D. cytosine

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7. mRNA : uracil :: DNA :
A. guanine
B. thymine
C. adenine
D. cytosine

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The model below represents a DNA molecule undergoing DNA replication. Use the model to answer the question that follows.
8. Which part of the model represents DNA helicase?
F. 1
G. 2
H. 3
J. 4

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Chapter 10
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
The model below represents a DNA molecule undergoing DNA replication. Use the model to answer the question that follows.
8. Which part of the model represents DNA helicase?
F. 1
G. 2
H. 3
J. 4

18. Chapter 10 Short Response
Standardized Test Prep
Short Response
DNA is made up of two strands of subunits called nucleotides. The two strands are twisted around each other in a double helix shape.
Explain why the structure of a DNA molecule is sometimes described as a zipper.

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Standardized Test Prep
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DNA is made up of two strands of subunits called nucleotides. The two strands are twisted around each other in a double helix shape.
Explain why the structure of a DNA molecule is sometimes described as a zipper.
Answer:
DNA is often described as a zipper because the two strands of DNA look like each lengthwise half of a zipper and the bases and hydrogen bonds between the strands look like the “teeth” of a zipper.

20. Chapter 10 Extended Response
Standardized Test Prep
Extended Response
DNA can be damaged by mistakes made during its
replication. The mistakes are called mutations.
Part A Explain eukaryotic DNA replication.
Part B Explain how a mutation during replication can
affect a protein that is synthesized.

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Answer:
Part A During DNA replication, each strand serves as a template. DNA replication begins when helicase enzymes separate the DNA strands. DNA polymerases add complementary nucleotides to each of the original DNA strands. The DNA polymerases are then released. Two DNA molecules identical to the original DNA molecule result.
Part B When mistakes in DNA replication occur, the base sequence of the newly formed DNA differs from that of the original DNA, changing the original code on the DNA. When the mutated DNA is transcribed, the sequence of bases on the mRNA is incorrect. Translating the incorrect mRNA can result in an incorrect amino acid which can affect the protein’s structure and ultimately its function.