1. Energy from our Oceans

2. Waves
A Wave is a rhythmic movement that carries energy through matter or space.
In oceans, waves move through seawater

4. Waves
Caused by:
Wind
Earthquakes
Gravitational force of the Moon and Sun.

5. Parts of a Wave Crest – highest point of a wave
Trough – lowest point of a wave
Wave Height – vertical distance between the crest and the trough
Wavelength – horizontal distance between two crests or two troughs

6. Wavelength
Crest
Wave Height
Still Water
Trough
Wave Parts

7. Energy from the oceans

8. Waves
Waves are a concentrated form of solar energy
Technology to convert wave energy to electrical energy is in its beginning phase
> 1000 Patents
< 2 MW Installed
How are waves formed – from the uneven heating of the Earth’s surface by the sun creating winds which when blown over a fetch of ocean, creates waves. The natural processes in the ocean concentrate the solar and wind energy into ocean waves of much greater power density than the original solar and wind energy itself.
The technology to convert waves into electrical energy is in its early phase of development. Based on work in Europe and Australia, the technology is now ready for demonstration and based on the results of this feasibility study, a compelling case to invest in wave energy RD&D has been made. The next step is a feasibility demonstration of the technology in one or more U.S. sites to show
o Its power production performance efficiency
o Its reliability, maintainability and availability
o Its ability to be cost effective
o Its ability to survive storms and operate with a 20 year life
Demonstration in the U.S. is the Next Needed Step in the Technology Development Process

10. Introduction to Wave Energy
New forms of Energy are required !
Compared to Other Renewables, Wave Energy Advantages:
Higher energy density, availability (80 – 90%) and predictability
It is estimated that if 0.2% of the ocean’s untapped energy could be harnessed, it could provide power sufficient for the entire world.

11. Wave Energy Extraction Technologies
Point
Absorber
(OPT,
Finavera)
Oscillating Water Column (Energetech/Oceanlinx)
Overtopping, Wave Dragon
Attenuator, Pelamis WP
EPRI surveyed, collected information and assessed existing wave energy conversion devices. Sixteen worldwide manufacturers were queried of which 12 provided information of which eight devices passed the initial screening consisting of two factors
Is the device likely to be ready for demonstration in the late 2006 time period?
Has the device manufacturer provided sufficient information to prove the survivability in storm conditions?
The eight devices which passed the initial screen can be grouped into one of four generic types as shown above
AquaEnergy floating point absorber
Ocean Power Delivery Pelamis floating attenuator – the most technologically mature of the devices. A full scale prototype achieved the milestone last summer of being the first offshore wave device to transmit power to an electrical grid
Wave Dragon floating overtopping ramp terminator
Energetech bottom mounted oscillating water column terminator

12. Sea Snakes

14. OSU Strategic Facilities to Advance Wave Energy
Wallace Energy Systems & Renewables Facility (WESRF)
O.H. Hinsdale Wave Research Lab
(HWRL)

15. Power from Ocean Waves Available Resource off Oregon Coast
NDBC Data Buoys
CDIP (SCRIPPS) Data Buoys
50% of the US population lives within 50 miles of the coast
Oregon has some of the richest ocean wave energy potentials in the world

16. Power From Ocean Waves
kW/m crest length

17. Wave power

18. Power From Ocean Waves
Wave energy is strongest on the west coasts and increases toward the poles.
At approx. 30 kW/mcl in the Northwest (yearly avg.), a single meter (3.3 feet) of wave has the raw energy to power about 23 homes.
[George Hagerman]

19. Tides The rise and fall in sea level is called a tide.
Caused by a giant wave.
One low-tide/high-tide cycle takes about 12 hrs and 25 min.
Tidal range is the difference in ocean level between high-tide and low-tide

20. What is the Tidal Range?
HT = 30 ft, LT = 20 ft
HT = 20 ft, LT = 12 ft
HT = 50 ft, LT = 20 ft

21. Gravitational Effect of the Moon
Two big bulges of water form on the Earth:
one directly under the moon
another on the exact opposite side
As the Earth spins, the bulges follow the moon.

23. Tidal Energy  

24. Gravitational Effect of the Sun
Spring Tides
Earth, Moon, and Sun are lined up
High Tides are higher and Low Tides are lower than normal

25. Tidal Streams Power