1. The Circulatory system is a "closed circulation”
Systemic
Circuit
Pulmonary
Circuit
Systemic
Circuit

2. Blood

3. Blood = Plasma + Formed (Cellular) Elements
~ 55% blood volume
~ 92% of plasma is water
High dissolved O2 content
Dissolved proteins
Cells
~ 45% blood volume
RBCs (~ 99% of cells)
WBCs (~ 1% of cells)

4. Proteins in Plasma Albumins
60% of plasma proteins (forms lipoproteins).
Globulins
35% of plasma proteins – mostly immunoglobulins.
Fibrinogen
For clotting reaction, forms fibrin.
* serum = plasma without clotting proteins

5. Cellular Components RBCs (erythrocytes) ~ 99% of all cells.
Hematocrit = % of blood occupied by cellular components.
(packed RBC volume)
Lacks: nuclei, ribosomes,
and mitochondria.
Anaerobic metabolism
(glycolysis)
Life span = ~120 days

6. Scanning Electron Micrograph (SEM)
of Erythrocytes or Red Blood Cells (RBCs)
on the tip of a hypodermic needle.

7. Millions of Hb inside each RBC

8. Normal Red Blood Cells
Anemia – reduction in O2
carrying capacity of blood.
Sickle Cells
- Sickle Cell Anemia

9. White Blood Cells Neutrophils 70% of circulating leukocytes
Highly mobile phagocytes.
Eosinophils much less common
Attracted to foreign compounds reacted with antibodies.
Basophils relatively rare
Migrate to damaged tissue, releases histamine.

10. Lymphocytes primary cell of lymphatic system
T-cells attack foreign cells directly.
B-cells produce antibodies.
Monocytes
Migrate into tissues and differentiate into Macrophages - highly mobile phagocytes.
Platelet cells (Thrombocytes)
Fragments of cells (Megakaryocytes) for clotting.

12. Never
Let
Monkeys
Eat
Bananas

14. Blood Vessels

18. Blood Vessels

19. MAP
Type of Blood Vessel

20. Blood flows down a pressure gradient (P)
Highest at the heart
(driving P), decreases over distance.
Flow  P / R

21. Resistance Opposes Flow
3 Factors Influence Resistance of fluid flow in Tube:
1) Length of tube (vessel):
 length =  Resistance
 viscosity
=  Resistance
2) Viscosity of fluid (blood):
3) Diameter (radius) of tube (vessel):
 radius
=  Resistance

22. 3 Types of Capillary Beds
1. Continuous Capillary Bed
- most common type in the body.
- have tight junctions
- ‘leaky’ capillaries

23. 2. Fenestrated Capillary Bed
- have ‘pores’ or fenestrations.
- more ‘leaky’ than continuous.
- specific locations in body:
e.g., kidney and synovial joints.

24. 3. Sinusoidal Capillary Bed
- open ‘flaps’ in adjacent
endothelial cells.
- ‘leakiest’ capillary bed.
- high degree of exchange.
- highly convoluted (twisting).
- least common in body:
e.g., liver and spleen.

25. Capillaries
Venule
Ateriole

26. Anemia Hemolytic anemia Hemorrhagic anemia Inadequate erythropoiesis
Sickle cell anemia
Hemorrhagic anemia
Hemophilia, trauma, ruptured aneurysm
Inadequate erythropoiesis
Inadequate nutrition (e.g., iron deficiency)