1. Past simple or Present Perfect?
1) How many different ways of using the Present Perfect do you know?
2) What time expressions do we use with the Past Simple and which ones with the Present Perfect?
3) With the Present Perfect when do we use “for” and “since”?

2. Present Perfect
When there is always a connection with now, with the present
Tom has lost his keys.
(he can’t find it now, he hasn’t got it!)
To give new information or to announce a recent happening
Oh! I’ve cut my finger!

3. Present Perfect
When we talk about experiences in our life (about a period of time that continues from the past until now) ex. Have you ever eaten snails?

4. Present Perfect
With today / this morning / this evening etc. when these periods are not finished at the time of speaking.
ex. I’ve drunk four cups of coffee today
(perhaps I’ll drink more before today is finished!)

5. Present Perfect
When ‘it is the first time, second time, third time’ etc. something has happened.
ex. It’s the second time my B2 students have
handed in their pieces of work 
ex. It’s the first time Dorian has driven a car.

6. Present Perfect
to talk about actions/facts that began in the past but still continue now, in the present.
ex. Stefania and Marcello have been
married for four years. (a period of time)
Stefania and Marcello have been married since 2009 (since a point in time)

7. Present Perfect
Note well ! The verb ‘to go’ has got two different p.p. forms: Gone and been
What’s the difference between the following sentences?
Jo is always on holiday. He has gone to Spain
Giulia is back from Rome now. She has been there recently.

8. Past simple or Present Perfect?
Ago
This time last week
Last month etc.
For
Earlier today
This morning
In the summer
In 1966
At five o’clock
In the end
So far
Up to now
Yet, already, just
Since
Lately, recently
Over the last fortnight
Always