1. The Multiple Impacts of Unsustainable Charcoal Production and Trade in SomaliaBy
Dr. Linda Ogallo

2. Presentation Outline Methods of Assessment and Analysis;
Study area and challenges that triggered study interest;
Results;
Recommendations.

3. Methodology
Remote sensing methodology for land cover change detection;
Statistical analysis of primary data:
Descriptive analysis;
Multiple univariate and multivariate analyses;
Analysis of projected climate;

4. Study Area What we now know about the study area is:
General decreasing trend in the long rain AMJ (Gu) season;
General increasing trend in the short rain SON (Deyr) season:
Increase in occurrence of drought;
Occurrence of floods though decreasing in frequency;
Reports of export of charcoal in high volumes;
Local use of charcoal as primary source of fuel;

5. Results from Land Cover Change Analysis

6. % Change
CLASS /5 /5
Water 7%
-5% 2%
Forest
-45%
-50%
Woodland
29%
-46%
-17%
Grassland
180%
122%
302%
Shrubland
-34%
81%
46%
Bare-land/ Artificial land
-43%
358%
315%

7. Community Behaviours and Attitudes
73% of respondents reported losses in livelihoods due to the impacts of climate ;
82% looked for alternative sources of livelihood, most resorted to charcoal production;
90% of community cut trees for household fuel consumption;
69% stated that they cut trees for charcoal export;
85% of pastoralists admitted to cutting trees for charcoal export;
Most common reason stated for participating in charcoal production was to pay school fees;

9. Some community members do not understand the risks posed by the practice;
66% believe that selling charcoal is an important means of supporting the economy;
But 64% of the respondents however agreed on the importance of environmental protection;
66% would actively participate to stop charcoal production;

10. Projected Climate under RCP 4.5
A recurrence of depressed rainfall associated with droughts is dominant in the near future;
The above average rainfall usually associated with flooding are frequent and dominant between 2050 and 2070;
An increasing temperatures in the near to long term future;

11. Recommendations Early warning and weather forecasting systems;
Mainstreaming climate smart strategies into the development agenda;
Strengthening inter-linkages between adaptation and development strategies that enable communities to build resilience;
Holistic approach in addressing land degradation challenges that include direct and indirect drivers for charcoal production;
A participatory and consultative process in developing and implementing plans;
Strengthening environmental governance;
Investment in institutional, human and technical capacity to help address the deforestation and climate risk issues;
Finding alternative sources of livelihood and encouraging agro-forestry;
Investment in research;

12. I THANK YOU ALL