1. BELLRINGER – 9/26
Write down the major concepts we’ve learned about on your bellringer sheet while watching the following video.

2. BELLRINGER
Write down the major concepts we’ve learned about on your bellringer sheet while watching the following video.

3. Documents Analysis Quiz
Take out your analysis of the Declaration of Independence & the Articles of Confederation. Remember, you are only allowed to use the worksheet side of the Articles of Confederation analysis – not the article! Anyone using the article will receive a zero.

4. The Road to the Constitution

5. Failure of the Articles of Confederation
By 1787, most realized that the “Articles of Confederation” provided for a weak and ineffective system of government.
Under the Articles, the thirteen states operated as a confederal government system – whereas, the delegates wanted to create a federal system with a strong central government.

6. Return to Philadelphia
Because there were problems with the Articles of Confederation delegates were sent to Philadelphia to fix it in 1787.
55 delegates from 12 states met to determine the future of the Government.
Rhode Island did not attend because they opposed the idea of a stronger central government.

7. America’s “Best and Brightest”
The men that attended the Convention are now called our framers because they set up the framework of our government
Who were they?
8 of the delegates had signed the “Declaration of Independence”
7 of the delegates had been governors.
41 of the delegates had served in the “Continental Congress”

8. George Washington
George Washington was selected as the unanimous choice to preside (be the president) over the convention.
No one in the new “u”nited States was more respected than he

9. Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin was the oldest member of the convention at 81 years old.
His wisdom and advice was invaluable to the members.

10. At the meeting, it was decided that the Articles of Confederation would be discarded. They realized that the government under the A of C was just too weak and that they would need a completely new document.

11. At the Convention (meeting), there were problems from the start… Right away, disagreements arose about how the government would be structured.

12. The Two Plans for a Legislature

13. Proposed by Edmund Randolph / James Madison
The Virginia Plan
Proposed by Edmund Randolph / James Madison

14. The Virginia Plan
Created a “3 branch” government (Legislative, Executive, & Judicial)
Created a two house bicameral legislature based on POPULATION.
Larger states were in favor of this! (Virginia, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, & New York)
Smaller states protested because they would lose power due to their populations.

15. Proposed by William Paterson
The New Jersey Plan
Proposed by William Paterson

16. The New Jersey Plan
Created a “3 branch” government (Legislative, Executive, & Judicial)
Called for a one house legislature (unicameral).
This plan called for equal representation -Each state had ONE vote!
Smaller states liked this plan. (New Jersey, Delaware, and Maryland)
This was opposed by larger states who would only have as much power as smaller states despite having larger populations!

17. Compare & Contrast Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan

18. Compromise
A way to settle disagreements between two or more groups is a compromise.

19. The Great Compromise
The Great Compromise was proposed by Roger Sherman of Connecticut.
Also called the “Connecticut Compromise”.
This created a 3 branch gov’t – with a two house legislature– bicameral legislature.

20. The Great Compromise Created the “Senate”
Each state had two (2) votes, both equal.
Pleased the smaller states (put them on equal footing with larger states in this house).
Created the “House of Representatives”.
Each state’s voting status was based on population.
Pleased the larger states (gave them more power in this house).

21. Other Compromises

22. Question of Counting Slaves?
Southern states wanted to count their slave populations (nearly 550,000) for representation purposes – the Northern states disagreed
The “3/5th Compromise” settled the issue.
It was agreed to count each slave as 3/5ths of a person for representation AND taxation purposes.

23. Slave Trade Compromise
Northern states wanted the U.S. Government to regulate (oversee) trade between both states AND foreign nations.
Southern states feared this would impact their exports of rice, cotton, & tobacco.
It was agreed that slavery would be left alone for 20 years in terms of commerce and trade. They would revisit the issue in 1808.
Was this really a fix????

24. How to Elect the President?
Some delegates wanted Congress to choose the president. Why?
Others felt that the people should elect him.
They decided each state legislature would choose their electors, known as the electoral college, who would elect the President and Vice President.
We still use the Electoral College today, but now, voters choose who the electors will vote for.

25. Ratifying the U.S. Constitution
The remaining 42 delegates gathered for the final time on September 17, 1787.
They had finished their task, and now the Constitution would become law if 9 out of the 13 states would ratify it at their ratifying conventions. (did Rhode Island matter???)

26. Debate Breaks Out: Federalists vs
Debate Breaks Out: Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists Each wrote a series of papers in support of their side

27. Federalists
“Federalists” were supporters of the Constitution as it was written.
They believed in a strong central government and wanted the document ratified (approved) as it was written.

28. Federalists
In essays entitled “The Federalist Papers”, they argued that the U.S. could not survive without a strong federal government.
They were led by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, & John Jay

29. Anti-Federalists
“Anti-Federalists” felt that it gave too much power to the national government and took too much power from the states.
They opposed the Constitution as it was written.

30. Anti-Federalists
The Anti-Federalists also wrote papers and in the “Anti-Federalists Papers” they demanded that the new Constitution protect the basic individual rights of the people – they wanted a “bill of rights” added.
They were led by Patrick Henry

31. Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists
The Federalist Papers made it clear that we needed a stronger government and the Anti-Federalist Papers made it clear that the rights of the people must be protected in a Bill of Rights.

32. The U.S. Constitution
It was agreed that a Bill of Rights would be added
On June 21, 1788, New Hampshire became the 9th state to ratify the Constitution. Why was that important???
Rhode Island was the 13th.
The 13 independent states became one nation, the United States of America. For the first time it was written with a capital “U.”

33. Video
Constitutional Convention Documentary (10 Minutes)

34. Video

35. Bellringer
Analyze the quotes below. Identify whether or not each quote is a Federalist or an Anti-Federalist quote, and use evidence from the quote to explain why.
1. “If men were angels, no government would be necessary… You must first enable the government to control the governed..” (Hint: Checks & Balances)
2. “This Constitution is said to have beautiful features; but when I come to examine these features, Sir, they appear to me horribly frightful…Your President may easily become King…”

36. Bellringer
Analyze the quotes on your worksheet. Identify whether or not each quote is a Federalist or an Anti-Federalist quote, and use evidence from the quote to explain why (underneath the quotes).

37. Carousel Brainstorm
Throughout the room are the 6 objectives you will be assessed on next class. As a group, brainstorm and list as much content knowledge to assist in mastery of that particular objective. As you rotate, add on any significant ideas missing and correct any mistakes.