1. Norwegian presentation on LRIT from a Coastal State perspective
30/12/2018
Norwegian presentation on LRIT from a Coastal State perspective
given by the Norwegian delegation to COMSAR intersessional meeting

2. Introduction
Norway is one of the worlds largest producers of oil and gas. All our installations are situated on the Norwegian Continental Shelf up to 150NM from our coastline. In addition Norway has a pipeline system which stretches beyond 200NM.
This special situation of having installations of vital importance to our country far away from our coastline raises several security issues
Given The Norwegian situation regarding our offshore resources we would like to focus on the need for including the rights of costal States in the LRIT system.
As a Coastal State, Norway’s concerns are therefore not all together focused on our port facilities, but also closely connected to the advanced offshore infrastructure for oil and gas production
30/12/2018

3. There is also an extensive fishing industry within Norwegian and surrounding waters.
LRIT can become an important tool for supervising the movement of vessels which can be a threat to resources and installations of vital importance.
Norway has a need for tracking vessels passing our coastline, thus passing offshore installations and fishing banks
30/12/2018

4. 30/12/2018

5. Locations and logistic challenges
Several oil and gas fields are along the border between UK and Norway.
Others lies close to defined shipping lanes.
Ample time to make operative decisions is crucial
Limited seaborne and airborne resources compared to our large area of interest.
30/12/2018

6. Major pipeline structure for oil and gas transportation
30/12/2018

7. Human resources
Approx. 50 fields are in production on the Norwegian continental shelf
Also MODU`s, FPSO/FSO and other floating petroleum related vessels
people employed in the oil/gas industry (2003)
5000 people working offshore
30/12/2018

8. The necessity of a secure delivery of oil and gas from the North Sea
Oil/gas production is now the major industry in Norway
Represents 47 % of total Norwegian export value
USA and the European Union are all big consumers of Norwegian oil and gas
Norway is a major world energy supplier
A secure delivery is in the interest of all parties
To secure the offshore industry is important for Norway and consumers of Norwegian energy.
30/12/2018

9. Main figures (2004) for Norway
       Total production: 3,2 billion barrels of oil og 78 billion m3 of gas
       Oil: 3. largest exporter og 7. largest producer
       Gas: 3. largest exporter og 8. largest producer
30/12/2018

10. Coastal State’s Rights
Surveillance and control of shipping activity is important for all Coastal States. This is not only relevant in relation to defence and security but also in relation to ensure stable, safe and secure sea lanes, traffic control and environmental awareness.
The LRIT sytem could provide valuable information to Coastal State that would make the Coastal State more prepared for different kinds of unwanted incidents.
30/12/2018

11. Coastal States Rights
A Coastal State has different rights in relation to its internal waters, territorial sea and EEZ. Economic Zones are limited to 200 nautical miles from the shore. Tracking beyond 200 nautical miles is necessary in order to predict incidents within the EEZ.
The security needs of Coastal States are varied. For an oil- and gas producing country special attention has to be given to the numerous oil- and gas platforms located on the continental shelf under its jurisdiction.
From a safety and security perspective the tracking distance cannot be determined from the shore only, but must also take into consideration oil and gas structures located far off shore.
30/12/2018

12. Tracking beyond the EEZ
Norway’s need to be able to track ships beyond 200 nautical miles is based on the same concerns as those Coastal States that regards 200NM as sufficient tracking distance with main focus to secure their ports or cities.
Norway needs an additional 200 NM “first detection zone” in order to effectively be able to use the LRIT system in regard to our oil and gas installations on our continental shelf.
30/12/2018

13. 400NM LRIT distance
30/12/2018

14. The possibility to track deviation from a ship’s planned route
It would be beneficial for safety, security, pollution prevention and traffic control to make information about the next port of call available for a Coastal State.
Such information would enable the costal States to respond as early as possible regarding ships suspected of being a potential threat of any kind.
30/12/2018

15. The possibility to track deviation from a ship’s planned route
By making information about the next port of call available to the Coastal State it will be possible to estimate an approximate track for each ship. This will make it easier for the Coastal State to take action if the ship diverge from this route through high-risk areas. Such areas could be areas with dense concentration of oil and gas drilling activity or other offshore installations.
To give the Coastal State the right to receive this information does not create an additional working load for the master of the ship, as this information already will be made available to the Port State and the LRIT system.
30/12/2018

16. Other countries with offshore infrastucture similar to Norway’s
Vietnam
Kina
Thailand
Malaysia
India
Gulf of Guinea
The Netherlands
United Kingdom
Denmark
Saudi-Arabia
Persian Gulf area
Caspian region
Brazil
Venezuela
30/12/2018

17. Conclusion
A LRIT system without Coastal State rights implemented will have limited value from a security perspective.
For Norway advanced offshore infrastructure requires at least 200NM early detection zone in addition to EEZ.
Stable and secure global energy deliveries should not only be a concern of Norway. Any incident causing severe disruption of energy supplies can have severe consequences for the world economy.
Giving Coastal States the right to track ships outside their coastline, will contribute to minimizing the risk of such incidents.
30/12/2018

18. Thank you for your attention.
For more information please visit:
30/12/2018