1. Teachers as Authors of Computer Based Tutoring Systems Dr
Teachers as Authors of Computer Based Tutoring Systems Dr. Vasudeva Rao Aravind Dr. Marcella McConnell

2. How many ways can I teach?
More help Basics
More challenge Understanding
How many ways can I teach?
What’s best?
Gradually widen
Focused practice
Distributed practice
Study examples
Test on problems
50/50Mix
Study
Test
50/50
Concrete
Mix
Abstract
Concrete
Abstract
Mix
Delayed
No feedback
Immediate
Block topics in chapters
Interleave topics
Fade
Explain
Ask for explanations
Immediate
No feedback
Delayed
Block topics in chapters
Fade
Interleave topics
Explain
Ask for explanations
Mix
The complexity of the challenge is increased when we consider that
there is usually an intermediate alternative (and often many) between these instructional extremes
most of these different instructional approaches can combined with the others
We know too little, empirically and theoretically, about the intermediate levels on many of these instructional dimensions. We know even less about combined effects.
Koedinger & Aleven (2007). Exploring the assistance dilemma in experiments with Cognitive Tutors. Ed Psych Review.

3. A tutor that can:
-Provide practice in problem solving (numerical/conceptual)
-Provides immediate feedback to students (correct/incorrect)
-Provides appropriate, multiple hints at every step of the problem
-Provide detailed feedback to teacher
-Which part of the problem are students struggling with?
-Bird’s eye view: Are there patterns in student errors? Misconceptions?
-Be completely authored by teacher
-All required tools are available free of cost
-No programming knowledge needed!
-Great support from the CTAT team!

4. The Learning Loop Designed by teacher
Deployed for the particular student
group
Developed with student population in mind

6. <Hint Text (or) Feedback>
<Tutor Title>
<Problem Text>
<Figure>
< Step 1 >
Submit
< Step 2 >
Submit ?
(Hint)
<Hint Text (or) Feedback> 
(Done)

8. Proceed to next problem or Stop
Start
Show problem and
Wait for student input
Step 1 correct? No
Yes
Show Hint 1
Yes No
Step 2 correct?
Step 1 correct?
Show Hint 1 No
Yes
Yes
Show Hint 2
Step 2 correct?
Yes
Yes
Step 1 correct? No
Yes
Show Hint 2
Yes No
Please enter (answer)
Step 2 correct?
Proceed to next problem or Stop No
Please enter (answer)

11. Conclusions:
Students are different levels of academic aptitudes. The needs of all different types of learners need to be catered to.
Personalized tutors can be applied in the math or physics class to provide training on a specific concept.
A report of student interaction with tutor can be analyzed with great detail to fine tune the tutor for later analyses.