1. Welcome to Physics-131 Physics-I

2. TARIQ H. GILANI PENN STATE UNIVERSITY ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
MILLERSVILLE UNIV ASSISTANT PROF (2002).
PENN STATE UNIVERSITY
STATE COLLEGE, PA (2000) POST DOC.
JOHN CARROLL UNIVERSITY
CLEVELAND, OH (2001) VISITING ASS. PROF.
PhD ---- KYOTO UNIVERSITY, JAPAN (1997).
Office: R 236 (STB) Ph

3. Welcome to Physics 131
Text: Physics, 10th Edition, Cutnell and Johnson
Lab Notebook: Bound Lab Notebook, quad ruled, (9.75” x 7.5”).
Please bring this lab notebook to your first meeting.
A scientific calculator.
Reference Books:
1. Physics, 2nd Edition, Urone.
2. Physics For Scientists and Engineers, 4th Edition, Serway.
3. University Physics, 10th Edition, Young & Freedman.

4. Lectures Discussion Problems Demonstrations
Purpose It is an introductory algebra-based course. To become familiar with basic ideas of physics – Mechanics, Heat, Energy, Waves and Sound. The primary focus will be on concepts
Class
Lectures Discussion Problems Demonstrations
Each Lab must be satisfactorily completed to pass this course

5. Exams and Grading
There will be Four in-class exams during the semester (Each Friday). In addition to the exams, laboratory and Homework Assignments will be considered. Each of these counts towards your final grade as follows:
Tentative Dates
In-class exams % Every Friday
Attandance 5%
Labs: %
Each Lab must be satisfactorily completed to pass this course

6. Labs You must complete all lab work. Missed Work
Assignments
All assignments will be online (If there is any)
Labs You must complete all lab work.
Missed Work
If you miss a lab or exam for any reason, you must contact your instructor as soon as possible for arrangement.
My phone # ,
Department office: (In case you have difficulty in finding me)

7. Grading Scale
90-100% A % C % A % C % B % C % B % D % B % D <45% F The minimum score for any grade may be lowered based on the difficulty of quiz or examination questions.

8. Syllabus and Other Information

9. What is Phys 131?
Physics
Mechanics
Heat and Energy
Waves and Sound

10. Physics tells us the rules of the universe.
What is Physics?
Physics
--- Study of basic nature of matter and the interactions that govern the behavior
Observing and understanding the Physical world Physics is most basic of all sciences.
It predicts “how nature will behave in particular situation on the basis of experiments.
Space Science
Transportation Industry
Electronics and Computer Science
Medical Equipments
Physics tells us the rules of the universe.
In Physics
How to see the world?
Use reasoning
Apply the Physical Principles
To enjoy more!!

11. Measurements
Experiments involve the measurements of quantities
Measurements must be accurate, precise and reproducible
First step --- defining units
Research needs communication among international researchers
Common Language --- System of Units
How small an atom is?
System of measurements SI
CGS BE
SI is most widely used
Along with few more are base
Their units are basic units
All other units are derived
Length, Mass and Time

12. MKS CGS BE Length Mass Time Metric Units Main Advantage Meter (m)
centimeter (cm)
foot (ft)
Mass
Kilogram (Kg)
gram (g)
Slug (Sl)
Second (s)
Time
Second (s)
Second (s)
Metric Units
Length meters (mm, cm, km,…)
Mass Kilograms (mg, cg, g, …)
Time seconds (ns, ms, …)
Main Advantage
Conversion within the system is quite easy
1 Kg = 1000 g
1 g = 1000 mg

13. English System Metric system SI System (International system):
NASA’s Mars climate orbiter became a victim of confusion.
Cost US$125 million
SI System (International system):
Three basic units of measurements
Length or distance
Meter (m)
Mass
Kilogram (kg)
Second (s)
Time
SI System or MKS system

14. Kilometer (km) centimeter (cm)
Mega meter (Mm) millimeter (mm)
Giga meter (Gm) micrometer (m)
nanometer (nm)
Power of 10
Example:
100,000 = 105 and = 10-5
1000 = 103 1Million = 106
1 Micro = 10-6 and so on
To multiply
102X106 =
105X10-7 =
To divide
102/106 =
105/10-7 =
The universe is only seconds old
A Million Trillion seconds
106X1012 = 1018s

15. Commonly used Metric Prefixes
Prefix Figure Scientific Words Notation giga = ,000, = = 1 billion mega = 1000, = = 1 million kilo = = = 1 thousand centi = 1/ = 0.01 = = 1 hundredth milli = 1/ = = = 1 thousandth micro = /1000, = = 1 millionth nano = /1000,000, = = 1 billionth

16. Can you tell with out using calculator?
How many inches are there in 6 miles?
How many meters are there in 6 km?
How small an atom is?
Pretty small
1 Million (106) atoms if put together can not be bigger than this period at the end of this sentence.
First direct evidence of atom using SEM
First 3-D image of an atom was obtained using STM
Atoms were dragged and arranged to write the name of laboratory (IBM).

17. Whatever system of units you use --- be consistent
Can not mix ---- length in ft and mass in kg
A quantity is always expressed by a number and its units (if it has)
Distance --- units of length
Speed in units of length divided by units of time
Dimensions
Dimension of Length
Dimension of Time
Dimension of speed = L T
S =
Dimension Analysis
First check of mathematical relation
Mathematical relation must have same dimensions on both side of the equation

18. Example Dimensions X is distance v is speed t is time X = ½ v t L H S2
Dimensions
L H S
R H S L T T 2 L
= L T
Relation is wrong
X = ½ v t has the right dimensions

19. Trigonometry Basic Relations h2 = ho2 + ha2 Hypotenuse h opposite ho
Adjacent ha
opposite ho
Basic Relations
h2 = ho2 + ha2

20. Scalars and Vectors Scalar --- Quantity that need magnitude only
Mass, Volume, Temperature
Vector --- Quantity that need magnitude and direction
Force, displacement
Arrow --- direction
Length --- magnitude
2 Km due East
4 Km due East
Vector is represented by Boldface letter or Arrow on the symbol
A or A
A scalar is represented by italic symbol A
A vector has magnitude and direction
A = 2 m due west
Magnitude = 2 m

21. Vector Addition Magnitude and direction
When all vectors are in the same direction
A = 2 m due East and B = 5 m due East
Their resultant R = A + B = 7 m due East
When two vectors are pointing opposite
North
A = 2 m East B = 5 m West
=> R = 3 m West
Perpendicular vectors R
A = 2 m East B = 5 m North B
West
East A
R = [A2 + B2]1/2
Direction
Degrees North of East
South

22. Graphical Method Subtraction Draw Vector A
Draw vector B starting at the arrow of A
R (= A + B) is from tail of A to head of B
Measure the Length and angle of R
Must use same scale
Subtraction
A – B
= A + (- B)
Multiplying a vector with -1
magnitude remains the same while direction is reversed
=>
A = 2m East
-A = 2m west

23. Vector Components Along x-axis x-component y-component Along y-axis AAy
A = 2 Km at 30 o North of East Ax
X-axis
Ax = A
Along x-axis
Ay = A
Along y-axis

24. Adding by Vector components
A = 2 Km 30o North of East
B = 3 Km 60o North of East
Ax = 2 Cos (30o)
Bx = 3 Cos (60o)
By = 3 Sin (60o)
Ay = 2 Sin (30o)
Rx = Ax + Bx
Ry = Ay + By
R = [R2x + R2y ]1/2

25. Units ---- SI System (length  m, Mass  Kg and Time s).
Summary
Units SI System (length  m, Mass  Kg and Time s).
Dimensions --- First check of Mathematical relation.
Trigonometry --- Cosine, Sine and Tangent functions.
Scalar and Vector Quantities.
Scalar can be described completely by magnitude
Vector needs direction along with magnitude to be fully described.
Vector Addition and Subtraction
Graphical Method
Vector Components Method

26. Conceptual Questions (FOC): 8, 15, 17 Problem 6, 15, 37, 40, 46 and 49
Practice
Are two vectors with the same magnitude necessarily be equal?
Conceptual Questions (FOC): 8, 15, 17
Problem 6, 15, 37, 40, 46 and 49