1. Compost : As a Component of INM.
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2. Compost : As a Component of INM
Introduction
Compost is a key ingredient in organic farming.
Compost is organic matter that has been decomposed and recycled as a fertilizer and soil amendment.
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3. Nutrient profile of Compost
Compost : As a Component of INM
Nutrient profile of Compost
S. No.
Parameters
Quantity 1.
Organic matter
70 % 2. pH
7.5 3.
Organic carbon
33.11% 4.
Nitrogen
1.82 % 5.
Phosphorus
1.29 % 6.
Potassium
1.25 % 7.
Fe (ppm)
1019 8.
Mn (ppm)
111 9.
Cu (ppm)
180
10.
Zn (ppm)
280
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4. Compost : As a Component of INM
Benefits of Compost
Compost improves the quality of soil, and for this reason it is considered as a soil conditioner.
It contains a variety of the basic nutrients required for healthy growth of plants.
In addition to, nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium, certain micronutrients viz. manganese, copper, iron, and zinc also found in compost which helps them to control diseases and insects.
Compost improves the structure and texture of the soil enable them to retain nutrients, moisture, and air for the betterment of growth of plants.
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5. Mechanism of Composting
Compost : As a Component of INM
Mechanism of Composting
Composting is a biochemical process in which aerobic and anaerobic microorganism decomposes organic matter into valuable manure called as compost.
Release heat
(Thermophilic state, which helps to destroy pathogens)
Organic matter
Organic matter
compost
Temp 55-60o c
(Mesophilic state ,Temp o c, promote mesophilic microbes for rapid decomposition )
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6. Microorganism Involved in Composting
Compost : As a Component of INM
Microorganism Involved in Composting
Two type of microbes which help in composting process are:
Aerobes
Which decompose organic matter in presence of oxygen
Anaerobes
Which decompose organic matter in absence of oxygen
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7. Material required for Composting
Compost : As a Component of INM
Material required for Composting
Farm refuses
Weeds
Stubbles bhusa
Crop residues
Remnents of fodder
Hedge clipping
Animal dung
Cow dung
Buffalo dung
Poultry dung
Town refuse
Night soil
Street refuse
Municipal fuse
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8. Methods of Preparation of Compost
Compost : As a Component of INM
Methods of Preparation of Compost
Indore Method
Bangalore Method
NADEP Method
This method was developed by A. Howard and Y. D. Wad at the Institute of Plant industry, Indore, India
This method was worked out by L. N. Acharya at Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore.
Demonstration of this method at large scale was initiated at J. N. Krishi Vidyalaya, Indore.
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9. Compost : As a Component of INM
Indore method
Size of the pit
Raw materials
Methods of filling the pits
Turning
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10. Compost : As a Component of INM
Indore method
Size of the pit
Breadth feet
Depth feet ( not more than 3 feet)
Length feet or more as per requirement
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11. Compost : As a Component of INM
Indore method
Raw material
Mix plant residues, weeds, sugarcane leaves, grass, wood ashes, bran etc.
Animal dung
Wood ashes
Water
Urine soaked mud
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12. Filling the composting pits
Compost : As a Component of INM
Indore method
Filling the composting pits
First of all, spread dry wastes with cattle dung and soil in ratio of 4:2:1 up to 2 inch layer in Composting pit.
Afterwards, sprinkle the water over the materials
Pit is filled with above materials up to 1 foot above the ground level
One more layer of bedding material with wood ash and urinated mud should be added.
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13. Compost : As a Component of INM
Indore method
Turning
The material is turned three times for proper aeration and moisture.
First turning :
10-15 days after filling the pits.
Second turning :
15 days after first turning.
Third turning :
After 2 month of second turning
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14. Compost : As a Component of INM
Bangalore method
This method saves labour cost because there is no need of turning and regular sprinkling of water.
Size of the pit
Composting is done in trenches of 30’ × 6’ × 3’ or in pits of 20’ × 6’ ×3.
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15. Method of Filling the Composting Pits
Compost : As a Component of INM
Bangalore method
Method of Filling the Composting Pits
Spread the moist farm refuse at the bottom of the pit up to one inch.
Then, spread two inch of cattle dung and urinated mud followed by 1 or 2 inch layer of soil
This heap is made up to feet above the ground level following above process.
Finally the heap is covered with 1 inch thick mud.
After 8-9 months all material decomposes and compost becomes ready for the application.
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16. Compost : As a Component of INM
NADEP Method
This method facilitates a lot of composting through minimum use of cattle dung.
In this method, the decomposition process takes place aerobically.
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17. Steps for NADEP Method of Composting
Compost : As a Component of INM
NADEP Method
Steps for NADEP Method of Composting
Selection of site and compost making
Material required
Method of filling tank
Second filling
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18. Compost : As a Component of INM
NADEP Method
Selection of site
The tank should be located near cattle shed or farm site.
Size of pit
The tank should be 10’ ×6’ ×3’in size and are prepared with 9’ inch thick wall
Proper blocks and holes of 7 inches should be left on all the four side of the tank wall for the circulation of air.
Plastering of inner wall and floor of the tank should be done by mixture of dung and mud.
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19. Compost : As a Component of INM
NADEP Method
Materials Required
S. No.
Material
Quantity (Kg) 1.
Farm residues 2.
Cattle dung
90-100 3.
Dry sieved soil
1750 4.
water
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20. Compost : As a Component of INM
NADEP Method
Method of Filling Tank
Slurry made of cow dung and water should be sprinkled on the floor and the walls of tank. The filling of tank follows these steps:
Second layer:
4-5 Kg Cattle dung of gobber gas-slurry in 125 to 150 litres of water should be apply on the first layer.
Third layer:
50-60 Kg sieved soil added on the second layer of tank .
First layer
Plant residues are spread evenly in layer up to 6 inches ( Kg) in tank.
In this way, the tank is filled layer by layer up to 1.5 feet above the brick level of tank.
Filled tank should be covered and sealed by 3 inch layer of soil ( Kg)
It should also be pasted with a mixture of dung and soil.
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21. Compost : As a Component of INM
NADEP Method
Second Filling
At this stage, the process of the first filling is repeated and again sealed with paste of mud & dung.
After 20 days, the plant residue contracts and goes down in the tank by inches.
Periodically the paste of cattle dung and water should be sprinkle to maintain 15-20% moisture.
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