1. PROTEINS WHAT DO THEY DO? Form hair/fur, muscles, nutrient storage
Helps circulate blood
Act as signals between cells
They make up antibodies in the immune system
They make up enzymes for helping chemical reactions
They makeup non-steroid hormones

2. Antibodies
Antibodies are part of your immune system. When something enters the body that isn’t supposed to be there, like certain bacteria, antibodies find the invader and stick themselves onto it. Ex: A white blood cell finds an invader and then covers it with antibodies, it knows it doesn’t belong there and kills it.

3. In plant foods - in the cell membranes In animal products
PROTEINS
WHERE ARE THEY FOUND?
In plant foods - in the cell membranes
In animal products
in the cell membranes
in the muscles (cows, chicken, fish…)

4. Proteins

5. Proteins
Aside from the protein found in animal sources…protein can also be found in fruits, vegetables, grains, and nuts. (it just does not have as many monomers.)

6. THINK: “CHON” Each protein is made up of…
PROTEINS
AT THE ATOM LEVEL
Each protein is made up of…
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen,
Nitrogen
THINK: “CHON”

7. Proteins are long chains (polymers) made of monomers.
MADE UP OF...
Proteins are long chains (polymers) made of monomers.
All proteins are made of the monomer called …
AMINO ACID

8. Amino Acids
A protein is a polymer of just 20 kinds of monomers called amino acids.
Proteins are responsible for almost all of the day-to-day functioning of organisms.

9. Hydrogen atom
Amino group
Carboxyl group
R-Group
Side Group

10. Amino acids are linked together = polypeptide.
Each link = amino group from one bonded to carboxyl group
Proteins = three or more amino acids held together with a peptide bond

12. Activation Energy
To start a chemical reaction, it is first necessary to weaken chemical bonds in the reactant molecules.
This "start-up" energy is called activation energy because it activates the reactants and triggers a chemical reaction

13. Enzymes
Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions. If you didn’t have enzymes in your stomach to speed up digestion, the food would rot in your stomach because it would take so long!

14. Proteins Called Enzymes
Cellular reactions depend on the assistance of catalysts, compounds that speed up chemical reactions.
The main catalysts of chemical reactions in organisms are specialized proteins called enzymes.
Enzymes provide a way for reactions to occur at the cell's normal temperature

15. How Enzymes Work
The shape of each enzyme fits the shape of only particular reactant molecules – certain enzymes can only catalyze a specific chemical reaction
A specific reactant acted upon by an enzyme is called the enzyme's substrate.
The substrate fits into a particular region of the enzyme, called the active site.

17. Enzymes
Typically, enzyme ends with “-ASE”

18. This is important because…
As with any other protein, an enzyme's structure and shape are essential to its function.
Factors such as pH and temperature can greatly affect how well an enzyme works or if it can work at all.
This is one reason why cells (and hence organisms) can only survive and function within certain ranges of conditions.