1. KEY CONCEPT Entire genomes are sequenced, studied, and compared.

2. Gene sequencing: Determining the sequence of a gene or an entire genome
The genomes of several different organisms have been sequenced

3. Study of entire genomes
can include the sequencing of the genome
Compare genomes within & across species to find similarities & differences among different organisms
Genomics:

4. Human Genome Project:
Sequenced entire human genome
analyzed DNA from a few people
still working on identifying all genes, finding their locations & determining their functions

5. Bioinformatics:
Using computer databases to organize & analyze the vast amounts of data that result from studies of genetics (and other biological information)

6. DNA microarrays:
Allow scientists to study the expression of many genes at one time
Used to compare gene expression in different types of cells

7. Proteomics: the study & comparison of proteins within & across species
Used to study evolutionary relationships & human diseases

8. Summary of these techniques:
Bioinformatics is the use of computer databases to organize and analyze biological data.
DNA microarrays are used to study the expression of many genes at once.
Proteomics is the study and comparison of proteins