1. Chapter 23 The Countries of Southwest Asia

2. Section 1

3. Focus Question
What does the word “Stan” mean, and what are the 5 Stan nations in Southwest Asia?

4. Countries Turkey Syria Lebanon Israel Iraq Iran Saudi Arabia Oman
Yemen
United Arab Emirates
Qatar
Kuwait
Jordan
*Palestine

5. Diverse Peoples Southwest Asia is known as the middle east
Long period of war and fighting
World War I affected the history of the Middle east
Fought on the Central Powers side
Lost the war
Secret pacts and agreements were made about how to divide the Arabian peninsula
The Ottoman Empire Collapsed
Turkey was formed
The middle east still today is a very broken region

6. Arabs and Jews Independence for Palestine was difficult
Two groups claim Palestine as their homeland
Jews
Came from the Hebrews and thought Jerusalem was their homeland
B.C.
People migrating back to Palestine called themselves Zionist
Arabs
Had historical roots
500 B.C.
Both regions put pressure on Europe to form an independent nation

7. Arabs and Jews Great Britain Supported the Jews
Britain supported the creation of a Jewish homeland
Angered the Arabs
Struggle between the Jews and Palestine becomes increasingly violent
Hitler comes to power in Germany
Thousands of Jews flee to Palestine
World thinks the Jews need a homeland
Arabs made up 70% of the Palestinian Population
Great Britain and the UN divide Palestine into 2 nations
Israel is created as the Jews homeland

8. Section 2
Israel

9. Israel
Israel today is a different place than what it was intended to be
Israel is a very dry region
Rely on drip irrigation
Mining the Dead Sea
Saltwater lake
Extracts Potash
Mineral needed for explosives and fertilizers

10. Diverse Cultures 80% Jewish 20% Arab
Ashkenazi an Sephardic Jews
Formed divisions
20% Arab
U.S. and Israel are supporters of one another
Israel is small but powerful

12. Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and Iraq
Section 3
Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and Iraq

13. What are two minerals that Israel mines?
Focus Question
What are two minerals that Israel mines?

14. Jordan Part of the fertile crescent Has a large Palestinian population
Most became Jordan citizens
Some have tried to overthrown the Jordan government
Independence: 1946
Modern nation
Ruled by a king

15. Lebanon Independence from France in 1943
Civil war between ethnic groups in 1975
Christians vs. Muslims
Thousands of Palestinians made Lebanon their home
Set up the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)
Attacks on Israel
Israel Stuck back
United States, Syria, Iran became involved in the war
Invaded Lebanon
Over 200 U.S. citizens are killed in a bomb
Lebanon was in a start of Anarchy
War ended 16 years later

16. Iraq Farming is a main lifestyle Until 1920’s oil is discovered
Saddam Hussein was the dictator of Iraq
Invaded Iran
Invaded Kuwait
Started the Persian Gulf War
U.S. backed Kuwait
UN imposed an Embargo (Severe Trade Restrictions)
Aimed to end the chemical and nuclear ware fare

17. Section 4
Arabian Peninsula

18. Oil has changed this region
Saudia Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Oman
Yemen
Oil has changed this region
Discovered in the 1930’s
Allowed them to modernize

19. OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
Oil will not always be available they will run out within 60 years
Main problem of the region is lack of water
Built Desalination plans
Removing salt from sea water for drinking
Falaj System
Underground and surface canals that carry water from the mountains to the towns

20. Section 5

21. Focus Question
What is OPEC?

22. Turkey Was the Ottoman Empire until 1919 Kemal Member of NATO
Gave women freedoms, made everyone attend school
Member of NATO
Wants to become a Member of EU
Muslim heritage prohibits that
75% of their goods are traded with EU nations
Religion: Islamic
Ethnicity: Turkish

23. Iran Persian Empire collapsed in 1935 Religion: Islam Ruled by a Shah
Shiites vs Sunnis
Extremist nation
Have nuclear weapons
Known as the Islamic Republic of Iran
Women are treated very harshly
Wear chadors (long black cloaks)
Beat for their actions
Not allowed to talk unless spoken to, must walk behind their husbands, not allowed to look a man in the eye

24. Cyprus
Gained its independence in 1960
Was once part of Greece