1. Biology Notes Cell Energy Part 3 Pages 103-112

2. Standards
4.2
____ Identify the reactants, products and basic functions of photosynthesis
____ Differentiate among the various forms of energy and recognize that they can be transformed from one form to others
____ Explain the interrelated nature of photosynthesis and cellular respiration
4.7
4.6

3. Essential Questions 1.
How is energy acquired and used
by organisms?

4. I. Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis = a process by which __________ use energy from the _____ to convert water and _____ into _________ (food) and ________
EQUATION:
autotrophs
sun
CO2
glucose
oxygen

6. Lights & Pigments
Light is made up of particles called _________ that move in waves
different light _______ can carry different amounts of ______ depending on the ____________
some wavelengths are
_______ and make up the
different _______ we see
photons
waves
energy
wavelength
visible
colors

8. Behavior of Light:
Transmitted – goes ________ an object
2. Reflected – bounces off an ________
3. Absorbed – taken __ by an _______
through
object in
object

9. what we see is the wavelength of light that is _________ or transmitted
white light, or ________, is a blend of ____ wavelengths or all _______ being _________
the color _____ is a
combination of all colors
being ________ or
transmitted
reflected
sunlight
all
colors
reflected
seen
reflected

10. How do we know white light is made up of all colors?
You can use a prism to break apart the different wavelengths of light and see the colors (this is also what rain does to light after a storm)

12. Why are black objects hot?
Black objects absorb all wavelengths of light so they also absorb all the heat. The
absence of color being reflected or
transmitted creates black as the color we
see

13. Pigment = a molecule that ________ certain wavelengths and reflects or _________ others
absorbs
transmits

14. Types of Pigments:
Chlorophyll = the pigment found only in ____________ or plants that absorbs violet, blue, and _____ wavelength while reflecting and transmitting ______ wavelengths
this is why most plants appear ______
autotrophs
red
green
green

16. heterotrophs cannot make their own food because they have no ___________ to trap light energy
can be broken down in __________ temperatures and if the plant is deprived of ________
chlorophyll
extreme
water

17. most plants have ___ types of chlorophyll called chlorophyll ____ and chlorophyll ___2 A B

18. Cartenoids = a class of pigments found only in ___________ that mainly reflect and transmit red, _______, orange and _______ wavelengths
e.g.
autotrophs
purple
yellow
bananas, oranges, roses, etc.

19. most plants have both ____________ and cartenoids
cartenoids are more ________ to colder weather
Why do leaves turn colors in the fall?
chlorophyll
tolerant
The colder it gets, the chlorophyll
begins to be broken down so you can
finally see the cartenoids &
xanthophylls (these pigments are more
tolerant to colder weather)

20. Chloroplasts
Chloroplast = the plant organelle that stores ___________ and ____________ and converts ________ into chemical energy
chlorophyll
cartenoids
sunlight

21. STRUCTURE:
Inner Membrane
thylakoid = a disc-shaped membrane that stores the ___________
grana = stacks of ___________
stroma = the liquid that surrounds the _______
chlorophyll
thylakoids
grana
2. Outer Membrane

22. DIAGRAM:

23. C. Light Reactions – The First Step of Photosynthesis
Light-Dependent Reactions = the series of reactions that use energy from the ____ to convert _________ and _______ into _____ and _______ through the absorption of ______ and the release of ________
occurs in the _________ membranes of the ____________
sun
ADP + P
NADP
ATP
NADPH
water
oxygen
thylakoid
chloroplast

27. captured
split
proteins /
photosystems O2

28. e- H+
stroma

30. QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW:
What are the products of the light reactions? ______, ________, and ______
Which one of these products is released into the atmosphere when water is split? ____
What is the function of NADP and ADP?
__________________________________
Has carbon dioxide been used yet? _____
Where is the energy from the sun now located? ____________________ O2
ATP
NADPH O2
Carry electrons (e-) and hydrogens
(H+) filled with energy to the stroma no
in ATP and NADPH

31. The Calvin Cycle – The Second Step of Photosynthesis
Calvin Cycle = a series of reactions that uses _____ and NADPH from the ______ reactions to produce high-energy ________________________________
also called the ______ independent reactions
occurs in the ________ of the _____________
ATP
light
sugars / carbohydrates (glucose)
light
stroma
chloroplast

32. CO2
CO2
light e- H+
PGA
RuBP e- e- H+ e-
PGAL
PGAL
glucose
glucose

34. QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW:
What is produced in the light reactions and used in the Calvin cycle? ______ and __________
What gas is produced in the light reactions but not used in the Calvin cycle? ______
What gas is taken in from the atmosphere and used in the Calvin cycle? ______
What is produced in the Calvin cycle? ____________
Where is the energy that originally came from the sun? _____________
ATP
NADPH O2
CO2
glucose
in glucose