1. Naming and Classifying the Elements

2. ELEMENT RIDDLES Curium What doctors do to people, they ____________
2.The gangsta said to the policeman,
“I’ll get you ____________” 
Curium
Copper

3. Chemical Symbols of Elements
Chemists use symbols to represent elements.
For example, O represent oxygen while Fe represents iron.

4. A standard set of symbols is used to represent elements:
The symbol for many of the more common elements uses just the first letter of the name.
H= hydrogen O = oxygen
C= carbon N = nitrogen
F = fluorine B = boron
other elements have the first two letters.
Li = lithium
Al = aluminum
He= helium
the first letter is always capitalized and the second letter is always lower case

5. A standard set of symbols is used to represent elements:
some of the symbols are not always as you might expect. The letters are taken from their Latin names.
Pb= lead Au= gold Ag= silver

7. English and Latin names for Elements
English name
Symbol
Latin Name
Carbon C
Carbo
Copper Cu
Cuprum
Iron Fe
Ferrum
Lead Pb
Plumbum
Silver Ag
Argentum

8. Periodic Table Origin of the periodic table
Chemists in the 10th century wished to organize elements
Attempts focused on grouping elements with similar properties

9. Periodic Table Origin of the periodic table
In 1867, Dimitri Mendeleev found patterns in the elements and organized them into table
an arrangement of the elements by their physical and chemical properties and masses.
The resulting table had holes for elements not yet discovered

10. Metals, Non-metals, Metalloids
Periodic table has interesting patterns
Due to Mendeleev’s organization, interesting patterns are created, such as the groups: metals, non-metals and metalloids.

11. Periodic Table of the Elements

13. Each horizontal row in the periodic table is
a period
Vertical columns form groups or chemical families

14. Periods Horizontal rows of elements are called periods.
lists the elements in horizontal rows with masses increasing from left to right.
As you go from left to right within a row, the elements gradually change from metallic to non-metallic, then finally to the noble gases at the extreme right.

15. Groups It also forms vertical columns called groups
elements with common properties

16. Chemical Families
Vertical columns of elements are called families and have similar chemical and physical properties.
These groups occur as vertical columns on the modern periodic table.
There are 5 common families in the periodic table

17. Alkali Metals (Group 1)

18. Group 1. Alkali Metals Members: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr Properties:
Metals: solid, shiny, malleable, silvery, soft, conduct heat and electricity.
Super reactive
React with water to give H2 gas and an alkaline (basic) solution.
Form ions

20. Group 2. Alkaline Earth Metals
Members: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
Properties:
Metals: solid, shinny, malleable, silvery, soft, conduct heat and electricity
Denser than water
Very reactive, but not as reactive as the alkali metals
Form ions.

22. Halogens (Group 17)

23. Group 17. Halogens Members: F, Cl, Br, I, At Properties: Poisonous
Pretty colours
No-metals
Boil at low temperatures (F and Cl are gases at room temperature.)
Super reactive
Form – 1 ions

24. Halogens
Fluorine
Chlorine
Bromine
Iodine

25. Noble (Inert) Gases (Group 18)

26. Group 18. Noble Gases
Members: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
Properties:
Very unreactive, nearly inert

27. Noble Gases

28. Hydrogen: A Family of One
H = Hydrogen
Lightest, most common element
Melts and boils at low temperatures.
Colourless, tasteless, poor heat and electrical conductor, highly flammable.

29. Hydrogen

30. Classifying the Elements
The elements on the periodic table are divided into 3 main groups based on their properties:
Metals
Non-metals
Metalloids (Semi-Metals)

31. Classifying the Elements
Metals tend to be shiny, malleable, ductile, good conductors and solid at room temperature. (Except mercury, Hg)
Non-metals tend to be dull, brittle, poor conductors and are often gases and solid at room temperature. (Except Bromine)

32. Classifying the Elements
Metalloids (Semi-Metals) tend to have some of the properties from each of the above groups. Solid at room temperature, can be shiny or dull, may conduct electricity, not ductile, brittle.

33. Metals (blue), Non-metals (yellow) metalloids (pink)

34. Organizing The Elements
There are about 100 naturally occurring elements
The zigzag staircase line separates the metals on the left from the non-metals on the right.