1. Mind Stretcher 3/27/18 Define selective breeding.
2. Give an example.
Choosing 2 of the same species to breed in hopes of getting the best traits of each parent in the offspring.

2. Everything you need to know!
Genetic Engineering
Everything you need to know!
S7L3 c.
Ask questions to gather and synthesize information about the ways humans influence the inheritance of desired traits in organisms through selective breeding.

3. Genetic Engineering: Definition
GE involves identifying certain genes and moving them from one organism to another – even to a different species or removing the gene entirely!

4. Genetic Engineering: Details
It produces an organism that has a new trait it would most likely not have developed on its own
Genetic Engineering is controversial.
REMEMBER: Genetic Engineering involves the manipulation (changing) of genes!

5. Genetic Engineering Example A:
Diabetic = a person whose pancreas cannot create the important hormone insulin. 
Take the gene for making insulin from a healthy donor’s DNA
Add that gene to the DNA of pancreas cells from a diabetic
Let mitosis happen for a while (in a “test tube”) so you get LOTS of pancreas cells with the good gene.
Surgically implant the good cells back into the diabetic
Give the insulin gene to diabetics.

6. Genetic Engineering Example B:
Give tomatoes the ability to make “ anti-freeze” to grow in cold weather.
Placing the “anti-freeze gene” from a fish in tomatoes so the tomatoes can still grow in cold weather.

7. Genetic Engineering Example C:
Cabbage plant +
scorpion venom =
bug-proof veggies
Scientists added a gene for producing scorpion venom to cabbage plants to kill pesky caterpillars that eat crops!

8. What is a Genetically Modified Food? https://youtu.be/JMPE5wlB3Zk

9. Advantages of Genetic Engineering
Will get improved organisms
Can create organisms with traits not previously thought possible
Can remove “bad” genes
Reduces the chance of getting “undesirable” organisms

10. Disadvantages of Genetic Engineering
Co$tly
Must be performed in a lab with special equipment
Ethical issues
May have long term negative affects
May have negative environmental impacts

11. So HOW do we get extract (remove) the DNA?
No need to write the next few slides…just listen! Look for the pencil in order to know which slides to write!
So HOW do we get extract (remove) the DNA?

12. Different techniques are used to…
Extract DNA from cells
Cut DNA into smaller pieces
Identify the sequence of bases in a DNA molecule
Make unlimited copies of DNA

13. DNA Extraction
DNA can be extracted from most cells by a simple chemical procedure
The cells are opened and the DNA is separated from other parts of the cell

14. Genetic Engineering of insect-resistant corn:
#2 Use enzymes to cut
desired gene loose
#1 Identify desired gene
#3 Remove undesired gene
#4 Insert desired gene into corn

15. Using the DNA Sequence
Knowing the sequence of an organisms DNA (Genome) allows researchers to study specific genes, to compare them with the genes of other organisms, to try to discover the functions of different genes and gene combinations.

16. Any ideas WHY they would do this?
Did You Know?
Scientists used a bioluminescent gene from a jellyfish to create “glowing” green mice!
Any ideas WHY they would do this?

17. Why do we make glowing rats? https://youtu.be/Qm5Bj5xNefM

18. More Fun With “Glow” Genes
There is an enzyme that makes jellyfish and fireflies “glow”
Luciferase

21. Glow - Fish

23. Glow - Mice

26. Genetic engineering has few limits - except our imagination, and our moral or ethical code.

27. Get out your Selective Breeding notes organizer – Copy GE info
Process has been around for thousands of years
Combines the best traits of two organisms
Results in organisms that have the desirable traits of their parents
Genetic Engineering
Relatively new process performed within labs
Manipulates or alters the genetic makeup of organisms
Results in organisms with new traits

28. CLOSING: Place the cards into 2 columns: Selective Breeding & Genetic Engineering
Uses genes only from the same species
Takes a short time (few generations)
Uses genes from different species
Has been done for thousands of years
Takes a long time (many generations)
Is a new technology
An example is a labradoodle. (lab+ poodle dog breeds)
An example is glow in the dark rats
Is expensive (costly) & done in a lab
No lab needed; Anyone can perform this SB GE GE SB SB GE SB GE GE SB