1. Sentence structure basics

2. Components of sentences
Subject – the noun (person place or thing) performing the action or state of being in the sentence
Predicate – the verb or verb phrase
Object – the noun receiving the action of the verb
Qualifier – words that describe the subject, object or predicate
Clause: combination of a subject + verb + (object or qualifier)
Independent clause – a sentence – a subject, verb and object that can stand on its own
Dependent / subordinate clause – a clause that cannot stand alone as a sentence (may be a fragment)

3. Subject
Subject –
the noun (person place or thing) performing the verb (action or state of being) in the sentence
Ex. Eddie failed the test.

4. Predicate (verb) Predicate – the verb or verb phrase Ex. (verb)
Elaine was apprehensive about parent conferences.
Ex.2 (verb phrase)
I may have been cut from the team if I hadn’t done well on the test.

5. Object / qualifier Object – the noun receiving the action of the verb
Ex. Aaron hit the ball.
Qualifier – word(s) that describe the subject, object or predicate
Ex. India was apprehensive about entering the agreement.

6. Clauses
Clause: combination of a subject + verb + (object or qualifier) [SV(O)]
Two Types:
Independent (sentence)
Dependent / subordinate (phrase)

7. Independent Clauses (sentences) – “rock stands alone”
Independent clause – a sentence – a subject, verb and object/qualifier that can stand on its own
Ex. Murphy fixed the flat tire.

8. Dependent / subordinate clause (phrase) – “paper flies away”
Dependent / subordinate clause – a clause that cannot stand alone as a sentence (phrase); it DEPENDS on an independent clause for support.
Ex. Because Murphy fixed the flat tire, he was able to ride to school.
YOU MUST HAVE AN INDEPENDENT CLAUSE TO HAVE A SENTENCE!

9. TYPES OF SENTENCES Simple (rock)  single subject, simple sentence
Compound (rock+rock) may be more rocks
Complex (rock+paper) may be more than one paper
Compound-complex (rock+rock+paper)  may be more rocks & more paper

10. SIMPLE SENTENCE SINGLE SUBJECT = SIMPLE SENTENCE
1 subject performs all actions.
Eddie failed the test.
Eddie failed the test, but tried again.
Eddie failed the test, but tried again and succeeded.

11. COMPOUND SENTENCE 2+ independent clauses (rocks)
Joined by “and” “but” “or” (conjunctions)

12. COMPLEX SENTENCE
1 rock + 1+ paper

13. COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE