1. Non rotating planet

2. Rotating planet

3. Wind belts: symmetric case, and then land effects

4. Length of the day varies by milliseconds due to climate
Angular momentum
Change in length of day (10-3s)
time
Length of the day varies by milliseconds due to climate

5. Wind as a function
of latitude and height
Dec/Jan/Feb
Jun/Jul/Aug
Note the stronger jet in the winter hemisphere

6. Temperature as a
function of latitude
and height
Dec/Jan/Feb
Jun/Jul/Aug
Note the warmer summer hemisphere (duh)

7. Northern hemisphere winter (Dec Jan Feb) – Sea level pressure
Icelandic Low
Aleutian Low
Siberian High

8. Northern hemisphere winter (Dec Jan Feb) – Surface wind
Note the approximate geostrophic balance
(c.f. pattern of surf. pressure)

9. Northern hemisphere Winter circulation – pressure at 3km
What is the Geostrophic balance here?

10. Northern hemisphere Winter circulation
– pressure at 5.5km
What is the Geostrophic balance here?

11. Northern hemisphere Winter circulation
– pressure at 9.0km
What is the Geostrophic balance here?

12. Northern hemisphere - temperature difference from zonal average
in lower troposphere. (0 to 5 km)

13. Heat flux from surface to atmosphere (Winter)
Wm-2
Cooling over land, heating over ocean
(up to 4000W/m2 in a big storm)

14. Northern hemisphere winter (Dec Jan Feb) – Precipitation rate
Precipitation organized into storm tracks in
Atlantic and Pacific basins

15. Storm tracks in the atmosphere
Density of tracks of storms in DJF, northern hemisphere

16. Southern hemisphere winter (Jun Jul Aug) – Sea level pressure
Pattern is much more zonal (east west) than Northern hemisphere

17. Southern hemisphere winter (Jun Jul Aug) – Surface wind
Note the approximate geostrophic balance (in southern hemisphere!)

18. Southern hemisphere winter circulation- pressure at 5.5km
What is the Geostrophic balance here?

19. Southern hemisphere: heat flux from surface to atmosphere
(Winter)
Wm-2

20. Southern hemisphere winter precipitation (ish!)
What about the pattern here?

21. Storm tracks in the atmosphere
Density of tracks of storms in JJS, southern hemisphere
Distributions of storm are much more uniform