1. Working with Other Agencies
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G.,
Wilkinson, B., (2011)
Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resource CD Rom, De Montfort University

2. Working with Other Agencies
Roles of different agencies
Information sharing
Safeguarding Children
Mental Health
MAPPA
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

3. Public and Private Sectors
What defines the public sector?
How is it financed and controlled?
Some examples of public sector agencies?
What might the strengths & limitations be?
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University
H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

4. Private Sector How is it defined?
What sorts of organisations does it encompass?
Give some examples of ‘for profit’ organisations involved in criminal justice
What is the Third Sector?
Give some examples of ‘not for profit’ organisations involved in criminal justice.
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

5. Why do we need to Bother? Yes, why do we need to bother?
What do we need to know?
How do we do business with organisations that are so different?
How can we improve communication?
Give 3 practical ways in which you could improve your communication with staff from other agencies.
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

6. Troubleshooting If a problem arises, how might it be spotted early?
What ways are the most constructive in dealing with such problems?
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

7. Personal Plan (because one can always be even better!)
Make a note for yourself of 3 actions you would like to take to improve the way in which you work with staff from other agencies.
Make the actions SMART
Decide how you are going to check your own progress.
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

8. Information Sharing
There is no public protection without information sharing
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

9. Information Sharing is
Imparting and receiving information about an offender pertinemt to risk assessment/management and victim safety
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

10. How is it done?
Mostly by standard processes e.g. ViSOR, MAPPA, Annex F, OASys
But they still depend on good quality input
Beware a stale approach, forgetting about new or different information
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

11. In addition
Information sharing can take place outside standard procedures because of of information which is new, significant and urgent e.g. it could impact child & victim protection
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

12. Universal Responsibilities
Everyone has the responsibility to take notice of difference
To consider whether it might be significant
To share information with appropriate others if it might be significant
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

13. Key Questions for Deciding Significance
Is it related to pattern of offending?
Could a child or victim be at risk?
Could it signify a change in mental health?
Does it suggest manipulation by threats?
Does it suggest an increased intent to offend?
Is there an unusual behaviour change?
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

14. Don’t Forget The value of ViSOR
The importance of safeguards which protect practitioners as well as the public
Information sharing principles
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

15. Safeguarding Children
Even if child protection isn’t your job, it is your business; its everybody’s business
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

16. ‘Everybody who works or has contact with children…should be able to recognise, and know how to act upon, evidence that a child’s health, or development is or may be suffering, significant harm.’ (Working Together to Safeguard Children)
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

17. Never Ignore your Worries
Talk to your line manager
Know what your local policy says and follow it
Record your concerns and evidence
Remember ‘All tragedy is a failure of communication’
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

18. But is it as straightforward as that?
A responsibility for child protection, even in a criminal justice context is worrying.
Can you identify your general concerns about this area of work & what more you need to know you?
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

19. Working Together to Safeguard Children
It’s the statutory guidance, latest version issued 2010
Its coverage includes; agency responsibilities including prisons & probation, safeguarding structures & processes.
‘All agencies have a common responsibility to safeguard’
All relevant documents at
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

20. Practice Guidance
‘What to do if you are worried that a child is being abused’
Contains detailed definitions of types of abuse and neglect
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

21. Principles of Safeguarding Children
Child Centred.
‘Some of the worst failures of the system have occurred when professionals have lost sight of the child and concentrated instead on their relationship with the adults.’
Rooted in child development.
Focused on outcomes for children.
Holistic in approach.
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

22. Principles contd Ensuring equality of opportunity
Involving of children and families
Building on strengths as well as identifying difficulties
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

23. Principles contd Multi-agency in approach
‘Multi and inter-agency work to safeguard and promote children’s welfare starts as soon as there are concerns about a child’s welfare, not when there are questions about possible harm.’
Is this true in your experience?
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

24. Principles contd A continuing process not an event
Providing and reviewing services
Informed by evidence
‘Effective practice with children and families requires sound professional judgements which are underpinned by a rigorous evidence base, and draw on the practitioner’s knowledge and experience.’
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

25. Does this comment have parallels for us?
‘Effective practice with children and families requires sound professional judgements which are underpinned by a rigorous evidence base, and draw on the practitioner’s knowledge and experience.’
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

26. Statutory Guidance on Referrals
By phone – clarify nature of concerns, be clear about proposed action & timescales & who will do what
Follow up – you must confirm referral in writing within 48 hours
It must be acknowledged within one working day
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

27. After Referral, 4 Key Processes
Assessment
Planning
Intervention
Review
(Note the similarities to risk management – is that to be expected?)
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

28. Mental Health Subject susceptible to: Misconceptions
Stigmatising assumptions
Ignorance & fear
Feelings of helplessness
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

29. What do Think?
Do common public views of mental health create problems?
Do we lump all mental health problems together and assume the worst?
Or are we a knowledgeable and understanding society?
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

30. Mental Health Legislation
Mental Health Act 2007 sits beside & amends the 1983 Mental Health Act which is still the main legislation governing care & treatment. The 2007 Act “ is more inclusive of all mental disorders…the Act establishes the principle that personality disorder, as a mental disorder, is now a mainstream condition requiring equal and appropriate consideration for assessment and treatment" [Bradley Review 2009]
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

31. Do you need to know any more about the law?
Yes if
You write PSRs
You write reports on offenders detained under its requirements or subject to a Mental Health Treatment requirement
You are working with, in either setting, an offender subject to its requirements
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

32. Personality Disorders
What is a personality disorder?
Everyone has a personality. We are all different. Some people are very anxious, some very calm. Some are completely unreliable, others steady as a rock. Some become easily angry in comparison with those whose calm seems unshakeable. The variations are endless.
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

33. Royal College of Psychiatrists
There are, however, some people whose behaviour is carried to such extremes that they are regarded as falling outside the spectrum of behaviour that we naturally accept. It is these people who are usually described as having a personality disorder.
Royal College of Psychiatrists
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

34. Working with Personality Disordered Offenders (PD)
10 recognised types of PD usually put in 3 clusters
cluster A: ‘odd or eccentric’ (paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal)
cluster B: ‘dramatic emotional or erratic’ (histrionic, narcissistic, antisocial, borderline)
cluster C: ‘anxious and fearful’ (obsessive-compulsive, avoidant and dependent)
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

35. Anti-Social Personality Disorder
Part of cluster B & used to be known as psychopathic.
Characterised by
Difficulty in keeping job/relationship
Impulsive & reckless, easily bored
Heavy drinking/drug use
Adult criminal record
Doesn’t consider consequences
Not caring for the well-being of others, or feeling remorse.
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

36. National Personality Disorder Programme
Phase 1 began with severe personality disorder programme
Phase 2, thru Offender Personality Disorder Strategy is focusing on promoting a shared responsibility approach, better informed identification & intervention & an extensive training programme under the ‘Knowledge & Understanding Framework’ (KUF)
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

37. Working with PD Offenders A Practitioners Guide
Designed to provide learning on
How to spot PD & understand how it develops
Treatment pathways
Community Management
Staff well-being
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

38. Services available to offenders (&, in most cases, to the general population)
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

39. Hospital Care Psychiatric hospitals/units Voluntary – compulsory
Outpatient/day hospitals
Regional secure units
Special hospitals
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

40. Community Mental Health Teams
Multi-disciplinary
Social workers, community mental health nurses
Psychologists, psychiatrists
Occupational therapists
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

41. Care Programme Approach
Targeted at those with complex characteristics
Written down & subject to review
Care co-ordinator
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

42. Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangements (MAPPA)
Aim is to identify those offenders with a specific conviction for, (or current behaviour which could lead to), risk of serious harm to another and to manage them in ways proportionate and relevant to their currently assessed risk, with the object of reducing that risk and increasing the protection to known and potential victims.
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

43. Why Work Together?
Lessens unfounded assumptions & cutting across work of others
Better single & joint focus
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

44. Which Offenders? Three categories
Category One - Registered sex offenders
Category Two - violent and other sex offenders
Category Three - other offenders assessed as likely to pose a risk of serious harm to the public.
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

45. 3 Levels of Management Level determined by complexity of case.
Level one – low, possibly medium risk. normal single agency management, with usual inter-agency liaison.
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

46. MAPPA Meetings, level 2 or 3?
Depends on
Magnitude of risk
Complexity of case
Resource allocation required
"What is the lowest level that a case can be managed which provides a defensible Risk Management Plan?“ (MAPPA Guidance)
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

47. Which Agencies are Involved?
Police, probation, prison
= Responsible Authority
Duty to Co-operate agencies
include:- Local Govt, YOTS, NHS
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

48. How Is It Managed? Strategic Management Board
MAPPA co-ordinator or manager
Other Features
Lay Advisors
Annual report published
Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University