1. EDTHP 115 11/13/02 Twentieth-Century Reforms
Progressive Era Images
Diversity
Decades of reform [note: not covered]

2. Administrative Progressives
Ellwood Cubberley, Stanford Professor and Reformer (Scientific Management)
Take schools out of politics
Base education on science not tradition
Efficient management of schools
Differentiate structure
Classify and differentiate students
Assimilate immigrants
Education is part of the battle in international competition

3. Administrative Progressives’ Specific Reforms
Administrative Reorganization
IQ Testing and Classification of Students
Curricular Differentiation (tracking) to “meet the needs of the individual student”
Including the addition of new courses
Career Counseling and Vocational Programs
Additions to structures of schooling—Junior High, Distinct High Schools

4. Pedagogical Progressives
John Dewey ( )
School and Society, 1899
Education and Democracy, 1916
Experience and Education, 1938
William H. Kilpatrick
The Project Method
Progressive Education Association

5. John Dewey
1890s
1930

6. Dewey’s Main Ideas A commitment to democratic education
Authoritarian schools a disservice to society
Students should be free to test all ideas and values
Classrooms should be places where students learn to experience, engage directly in life activities, and learn to work together
Child-centeredness balanced with Subject-centeredness
Importance of scientific method

7. Francis Parker
Important Influence on Dewey and Progressive movement

8. Social Reconstructionists
George Counts
“Dare the Schools Build a New Social Order,” 1933
Opposed overly “child-centered” education
Stance on “indoctrination”

9. Theories of Education Progressivism
Scientific Management/Social Efficiency
Social Reconstructionism
Existentialism
Perennialism
Essentialism

10. Diversity in the Progressive Era
Race
Class
Gender
Perceived physical or intellectual ability
Potential Vocation
Life adjustment education