2. Careers in Psychology Psychology’s Major Subfields: Research:
Basic (increases knowledge base)
Applied (solving practical problems)
Clinical: (studies, assesses, and treats people)
Psychiatry: (medical)
Community: (interaction between people, social environments, and social institutions
Positive: (studies individual strengths and virtues)
Useable in all career fields

3. Careers in Psychology Cognitive Psychologists Community Psychologists
 Counseling Psychologists
 Developmental Psychologists
 Educational Psychologists
 Engineering Psychologists
 Environmental Psychologists
 Forensic Psychologists

4. Careers in Psychology Health Psychologists
 Industrial / Organizational Psychologists
 Neuropsychologists
 Rehabilitation Psychologists
 School Psychologists
 Social Psychologists
 Sports Psychologists
Military Psychologists

5. Scientific Method

6. Scientific Method Helps Avoid: Hindsight Bias Overconfidence
Seeing Order (or not) in Random Events
Researcher Bias

7. Scientific Method Helps Promote: Scientific Attitude:
Curiosity
Skepticism
Humility
Critical Thinking

8. Scientific Method Critical Thinking Examines assumptions
Uncovers hidden values and agendas
Evaluates evidence
Tests conclusions

9. Scientific Method Theory
an explanation of something using principles that organize observations and predict outcomes based on existing info
Hypothesis
a testable prediction that is
often implied by and is used to
test a theory
Principle of Falsifiablility
Operational Definition
Replication

10. Scientific Method Three Main Types of Studies Descriptive Studies
Correlation Studies
Experimentation

11. Descriptive Studies Case studies Longitudinal studies
Cross sectional studies
Sequential studies
Observational studies
Naturalistic
Laboratory

13. Descriptive Studies Testing Reliability Validity Standardized
Objective
Subjective
Surveys
Random sampling
Population

14. Correlation Studies Shows strength of relationships
suggests something may predict but not necessarily cause
Correlation coefficient
Closer to +/- 1.0 the greater the relationship
Illusory correlation
Amount of sexual content seen on TV
Amount of income
Likelihood of teens having sex
Amount of psychiatric symptoms experienced by children

15. Correlation Studies

16. Experimentation Experiment Independent variable Dependent variable
Confounding variable
Groups
Experimental Group (condition)
Control Group (condition)
Placebo
Double Blind procedure

17. Scientific Method
Smithers thinks that a special juice will increase the productivity of workers. He creates two groups of 50 workers each and assigns each group the same task (in this case, they're supposed to staple a set of papers). Group A is given the special juice to drink while they work. Group B is not given the special juice. After an hour, Smithers counts how many stacks of papers each group has made. Group A made 1,587 stacks, Group B made 2,113 stacks.
Identify the:
Hypothesis
Control Group
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
What should Smithers' conclusion be?
How could this experiment be improved?

18. Scientific Method
Homer notices that his shower is covered in a strange green slime. His friend Barney tells him that coconut juice will get rid of the green slime. Homer decides to check this this out by spraying half of the shower with coconut juice. He sprays the other half of the shower with water. After 3 days of "treatment" there is no change in the appearance of the green slime on either side of the shower.
Identify: Hypothesis
Control Group
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
What should Homer's conclusion be?
How could this experiment be improved?

19. Scientific Method
Bart believes that mice exposed to microwaves will become extra strong (maybe he's been reading too much Radioactive Man). He decides to perform this experiment by placing 10 mice in a microwave for 10 seconds. He compared these 10 mice to another 10 mice that had not been exposed. His test consisted of a heavy block of wood that blocked the mouse food. He found that 8 out of 10 of the microwaved mice were able to push the block away. 7 out of 10 of the non-microwaved mice were able to do the same.
Identify:
Hypothesis
Control Group
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
What should Bart's conclusion be?
How could Bart's experiment be improved?

20. Analysis and Interpretation
Descriptive Statistics (describe our scores)
Measures of Central Tendency
Mean
Median
Mode
Measures of Variation
Range Times at bat
Standard deviation (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)
Inferential Statistics (determine significance)

21. Ethics
The American Psychological Association promotes the following basic research standards:
Informed consent
Do no harm
Confidentiality
Debrief required if deceit must be used