1. LATIN AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS
And revolutionaries!

3. WHAT’S GOING ON IN LATIN AMERICA IN THE EARLY 1800S?
POLITICS: colonial governments = home governments (monarchy) ECONOMICS: based on mercantilism; mainly precious metals like silver; hacienda (plantations); encomienda; slavery RELIGION: strongly Catholic SOCIAL: rigid class structure: viceroys (colonial officer); social unrest and oppression of lower classes; peninsulares, creole, mestizo, mulatto INTERACTIONS/ARTS AND SCIENCES/NATURE: trade; mercantilism; dominated by Catholic church; major port cities of Havana, Mexico City, Lima, Sao Paulo, Buenos Aires

4. WHAT DOES EUROPE HAVE TO DO WITH ANY OF THIS?
EVERYTHING THAT IS GOING ON IN EUROPE IS AFFECTING THEIR COLONIES
The Peninsular War (Napoleon vs. Iberian Peninsula)
Spain: Napoleon tries to take over, makes his brother Joseph the king (deposes Ferdinand), not strong control over Spanish colonies
Portugal: the Portuguese royal family flees to Brazil; when Portugal is liberated, half the family stays in Brazil.
Aka, when Napoleon tries to take over all of Europe, things go crazy in the colonies

5. INFLUENCE OF AMERICAN AND FRENCH REVOLUTIONS
Revolutions in the Americas were led by native born men of European background (CREOLES) (except for Haiti) who were able to rally the population to the cause of independence
Why
Political rights, not social reforms

6. IMPORTANT PEOPLE Toussaint L’Ouverture
Former slave; led Haitian revolution against slave owners and then France in the late 1700s
Gens de couleur vs. whites
After the constitution, revolution, and independence, Haiti fell into despotism
Despotism: the exercise of absolute power, especially in a cruel and oppressive way
They both use slaves, but the gens wants more representation and rights. But they get busy fighting…. So….

7. IMPORTANT PEOPLE Simon Bolivar Venezuela; military general
Liberated (freed) northern areas of Latin America; Gran Colombia
Tried in 1820s to bring the regions of South America together (like the United States!), but failed due to differences in Latin American peoples

8. IMPORTANT PEOPLE Jose de san Martin Argentina
Helped fight independence movements in southern South America
Like Bolivar, tries to join countries together
Bolivar liberated the northern areas; san Martin liberated the south

9. IMPORTANT PEOPLE Miguel Hidalgo Mexican priest Native Americans helped
Not just Spanish; also wealthy creoles who were oppressive

10. ANATOMY OF A REVOLUTION(ARY)
How did each revolutionary lead his people to freedom?
1. PROBLEM – what was going on in the society at the time? What main problem was he addressing (equality, freedom, etc)
2. WRITINGS – major written works that helped spread his message, anything that inspired him, anyone who inspired him
3. LEADERS – who helped him? What was their end goal?
4. CONFLICTS – major conflicts that happened during the struggle for independence
5. REFORMS – what ended up happening as a result; short and long term impact of the revolution
Then, anthropomorphism!